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Field evaluation of one Cu-resistant somaclonal variant and two clones of tobacco for copper phytoextraction at a wood preservation site

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Abstract

A Cu-resistant somaclonal tobacco variant (NBCu 10-8-F1, C1), its BaG mother clone (C3), and the FoP tobacco clone (C2) were cultivated at a wood preservation site on Cu-contaminated soils (239–1290 mg Cu kg−1 soil range) and an uncontaminated control site (CTRL, 21 mg Cu kg−1) to assess their shoot DW yields and potential use for bioavailable Cu stripping. The Cu concentration in the soil pore water varied between 0.15 and 0.84 mg L−1. Influences of Cu exposure and soil treatments, i.e., untreated soil (Unt), soils amended with compost and either dolomitic limestone (OMDL) or zerovalent iron grit (OMZ), on plant growth and shoot ionome were determined. All transplants survived and grew even at high total soil Cu. Shoots were harvested after 3 months (cut 1). Subsequently, bottom suckers developed and were harvested after 2 months (cut 2). Total shoot DW yield (cuts 1 + 2) varied between 0.8 and 9.9 t DW ha−1 year−1 depending on tobacco cultivars, soil treatments, and soil Cu exposure. It peaked for all cultivars in the OMDL plots at moderate Cu exposure (239–518 mg kg−1 soil), notably for the C2 plants. Cut 2 contributed for 11–43% to total shoot DW yield. Increase in shoot DW yield diluted shoot Cu concentration. At low Cu exposure, total shoot Cu removal peaked for the variant. At moderate Cu exposure, shoot Cu concentrations were similar in all cultivars, but total shoot Cu removal was highest for the C2 plants. At high Cu exposure (753–1140 mg kg−1), shoot Cu concentrations peaked for the C2 plants in the Unt plots, the C1 and C2 plants in the OMZ plot, and the C3 ones in the OMDL plots. Shoot Cu removal (in g Cu ha−1 year−1) ranged from 15.4 (C2 on the CTRL soil) to 261.3 (C2 on moderately contaminated OMDL soils). The C2 plants phytoextracted more Cu than the C1 and C3 ones in the Unt plots and in the OMDL plots at moderate Cu exposure. In the OMDL plots with high Cu exposure, shoot Cu removal was highest for the C1 plants. Soil amendments improved shoot Cu removal through increase in either shoot DW yield (OMDL—3-fold) or shoot Cu concentration (OMZ—1.3-fold). Increased shoot Cu concentration induced an ionome imbalance with increased shoot Al, Fe, B, and Mg concentrations and decreased P and K ones. Copper concentrations in plant parts varied in decreasing order: roots > leaves > inflorescence (cymes including seeds) > stem, whereas Cu removal ranked as roots > stem = leaves > inflorescence.

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Abbreviations

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

C1:

Cu-resistant somaclonal tobacco variant (NBCu 10-8-F1)

C2:

Tobacco clone Forchheimer Pereg (FoP)

C3:

Tobacco mother clone Badischer Geudertheimer (BaG)

CCA:

Chromated copper arsenate

CEC:

Cation exchange capacity

CPM:

Compost made of poultry manure and pine bark chips

CTRL:

Control soil

CuR:

Shoot Cu removal

CuSH:

Shoot Cu concentration

CuSPW:

Total Cu concentration in the soil pore water

CuT:

Total soil Cu

DHAR:

Dehydroascorbate reductase

DL:

Dolomitic limestone

DOM:

Dissolved organic matter

DW:

Dry weight

EC:

Effective concentration

EU:

European Union

ISE:

Ion selective electrode

OM:

Organic matter

OMDL:

Compost + dolomitic limestone

OMZ:

Compost + zerovalent iron grit

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

NA:

Nicotianamine

PCA:

Principal component analysis

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SDWY:

Shoot dry weight yield

SFWY:

Shoot fresh weight yield

SL:

Shoot length

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TE:

Trace elements

TOC:

Total organic carbon

UNT:

Untreated soil

WC:

Water content

WHC:

Water holding capacity

Z:

Zerovalent iron grit

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Acknowledgments

Researches at this contaminated site were supported by ADEME (French Energy and Environment Agency), Department of Urban Brownfields and Polluted Sites, Angers, France, the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7-KBBE-266124, GREENLAND), the ERA-Net FACCE SURPLUS (project INTENSE; https://projects.au.dk/faccesurplus/research-projects-1st-call/intense/), and the PhytoSUDOE project (Interreg SUDOE SOE1/P5/E0189, http://www.phytosudoe.eu/). Authors thank Dmitry Trofimenko, Amélie Aztiria, and Dr. Nadège Oustriere for their technical assistance. The UMR Biogeco is a member of the INRAE Ecotoxicologist network, ECOTOX (https://www6.inrae.fr/ecotox_eng/), and the Labex COTE (https://cote.labex.u-bordeaux.fr/en/). This work is dedicated to the memory of our colleague Dr. Petra Susan Kidd, CSIC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, one of the shining stars having developed phytotechnologies for phytomanaging contaminated sites.

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Correspondence to Michel Mench.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Kolbas, A., Herzig, R., Marchand, L. et al. Field evaluation of one Cu-resistant somaclonal variant and two clones of tobacco for copper phytoextraction at a wood preservation site. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 27831–27848 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09151-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09151-y

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