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Effect of Fe-functionalized biochar on toxicity of a technosol contaminated by Pb and As: sorption and phytotoxicity tests

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Abstract

Biochar, produced by the pyrolysis of biomass under low oxygen conditions, has gathered attention in the last few years due to its capability to reduce metal(loid)s bioavailability and mobility in soils, as well as its beneficial effects on soil fertility. Indeed, biochar amendment to polluted soil induced usually an increase of pH, water holding capacity, and nutrient contents, associated with a decrease of metal(loid)s concentrations in soil pore water, through sorption. However, biochar has been shown efficient in sorbing cation pollutants, like Pb, but present a low sorption capacity towards anions like As. This contrasted behavior poses a problem, as most polluted soils are multi-contaminated, with both cation and anion pollutants. One of the solutions to overcome such problem is to functionalize biochar, by modifying its surface. However, most studies actually focused on functionalization effect on metal(loid)s sorption towards batch experiments, and only a few dealt with modified biochar incorporation to the soil. Therefore, this study aimed (i) to assess the sorption capacity of hardwood biochars, harboring different particle sizes, towards Pb and As; (ii) to evaluate the effect of a Fe-functionalization on Pb and As sorption; and (iii) to validate the results, in a phytotoxicity test using Phaseolus vulgaris as bioindicator plant. The batch experiments showed that all four biochars were able to efficiently sorb Pb, the fine biochars showing higher sorption values than the coarse biochars. As sorption was very low. Fe-coating increased As sorption value, while having no effect on Pb sorption. However, when incorporated in the soil, Fe-coated biochar did not improve soil physico-chemical properties compared to the pristine biochar; especially, it did not reduce As soil pore water concentrations. Finally, bean plant did not show differences in terms of biomass production between the two biochars incorporated into polluted soil, demonstrating that Fe-functionalization did not improve biochar capacity to decrease soil toxicity.

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Abbreviations

EC:

electrical conductivity

CEC:

cation exchange capacity

SPW:

soil pore water

WHC:

water holding capacity

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Conseil Départemental d’Eure et Loir for the FT-IR equipments, as well as Jean-Philippe Blondeau for the help in the FT-IR measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Orleans, INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France

    Manhattan Lebrun, Florie Miard, Romain Nandillon, Domenico Morabito & Sylvain Bourgerie

  2. Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, 86090, Pesche, Italy

    Manhattan Lebrun & Gabriella S. Scippa

  3. Université d’Orléans, LBLGC INRA, USC 1328-Antenne Scientifique Universitaire de Chartres, 21 Rue de Loigny La Bataille, 28000, Chartres, France

    Sullivan Renouard

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  1. Manhattan Lebrun
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  2. Florie Miard
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  3. Sullivan Renouard
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  4. Romain Nandillon
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  5. Gabriella S. Scippa
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  7. Sylvain Bourgerie
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Correspondence to Sylvain Bourgerie.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Highlights

• Biochars showed high sorption capacity towards Pb

• Pb sorption was higher with the fine biochars than the coarse ones

• As sorption was increased by Fe-functionalization

• Beneficial effects of Fe-functionalization were lost after incorporation in the soil

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Lebrun, M., Miard, F., Renouard, S. et al. Effect of Fe-functionalized biochar on toxicity of a technosol contaminated by Pb and As: sorption and phytotoxicity tests. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 33678–33690 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3247-9

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