Abstract
Pd-doped Ti/SnO2-Sb anode was prepared at different calcination temperatures by a wet-impregnation method and employed in simultaneous electrochemical catalytic degradation of Ni-EDTA and recovery of nickel. The results showed that Ti/SnO2-Sb-Pd-500 could achieve the highest electrochemical activity (87.5% of Ni-EDTA removal efficiency), superior durability (50.7 h of accelerated lifetime), and higher Ni recovery (19.8%) on cathode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis suggested that Ni-EDTA degradation on anode was mainly indirect oxidation-controlled reaction, attributing to the high oxide state of MOX + 1 and MOX(·OH), rather than direct oxidation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicated that calcination temperature could modify the morphology of electrode surface and affect the incorporation and valence state transformation of metal species (Sb and Pd) in SnO2 lattice. Ti/SnO2-Sb-Pd-500 achieved the highest electrochemical capacity with the highest levels of adsorbed oxygen Oads/ET (27.11%) and lattice oxygen Olat/ET (29.69%). Moreover, the operation conditions for Ni-EDTA electrochemical degradation were optimized. These findings were valuable for developing a high-performance electrode for Ni-EDTA electrochemical degradation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams B, Tian M, Chen A (2009) Design and electrochemical study of SnO2-based mixed oxide electrodes. Electrochim Acta 54(5):1491–1498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.09.034
Berenguer R, Sieben JM, Quijada C, Morallón E (2014) Pt- and Ru-doped SnO2−Sb anodes with high stability in alkaline medium. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(24):22778–22789. https://doi.org/10.1021/am506958k
Blaylock MJ, Salt DE, Dushenkov S, Zakharova O, Gussman C, Kapulnik Y, Ensley BD, Raskin I (1997) Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environ Sci Technol 31(3):860–865. https://doi.org/10.1021/es960552a
Borràs N, Oliver R, Arias C, Brillas E (2010) Degradation of atrazine by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes using a boron-doped diamond anode. J Phys Chem A 114(24):6613–6621. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp1035647
Cui YH, Feng YJ, Liu ZQ (2009) Influence of rare earths doping on the structure and electro-catalytic performance of Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrodes. Electrochim Acta 54(21):4903–4909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.041
Du L, Wang Y, Dai SJ, Pei J, Qin S, Hu CW (2011) Comparative study on the catalytic electrooxidative abilities of RuOx–PdO–TiO2/Ti and RuOx–PdO/Ti anode. J Hazard Mater 185(2-3):1596–1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.020
Duan Y, Wen Q, Chen Y, Duan TG, Zhou YD (2014) Preparation and characterization of TiN-doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode by dip coating for Orange II decolorization. Appl Surf Sci 320:746–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.09.182
Durante C, Cuscou M, Isse AA, Sandonà G, Gennaro A (2011) Advanced oxidation processes coupled with electrocoagulation for the exhaustive abatement of Cr-EDTA. Water Res 45(5):2122–2130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.022
Feng YJ, Cui YH, Logan B, Liu ZQ (2008) Performance of Gd-doped Ti-based Sb-SnO2 anodes for electrochemical destruction of phenol. Chemosphere 70(9):1629–1636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.07.083
Feng L, van Hullebusch ED, Rodrigo MA, Esposito G, Oturan MA (2013) Removal of residual anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. A review. Chem Eng J 228:944–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.05.061
Frim JA, Rathman JF, Weavers LK (2003) Sonochemical destruction of free and metal-binding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Water Res 37(13):3155–3163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00169-6
Guan XH, Jiang X, Qiao JL, Zhou GM (2015) Decomplexation and subsequent reductive removal of EDTA-chelated CuII by zero-valent iron coupled with a weak magnetic field: performances and mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 300:688–694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.07.070
Huang XF, Xu Y, Shan C, Li XC, Zhang WM, Pan BC (2016) Coupled Cu(II)-EDTA degradation and Cu(II) removal from acidic wastewater by ozonation: performance, products and pathways. Chem Eng J 299:23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.04.044
Jiraroj D, Unob F, Hagège A (2006) Degradation of Pb–EDTA complex by a H2O2/UV process. Water Res 40(1):107–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.041
Li P, Zhao YM, Ding BB, Wang LZ (2015) Effect of calcination temperature and molar ratio of tin and manganese on capacitance of Ti/SnO2–Sb–Mn/β-PbO2 electrode during phenolelectro-oxidation. J Electroanal Chem 747:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.02.029
Li LH, Huang ZP, Fan XX, Zhang Z, Dou RN, Wen SL, Chen Y, Chen YC, Hu YY (2017) Preparation and characterization of a Pd modified Ti/SnO2-Sb anode and its electrochemical degradation of Ni-EDTA. Electrochim Acta 231:354–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.072
Lin H, Niu JF, Ding SY, Zhang LL (2012) Electrochemical degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by Ti/SnO2-Sb, Ti/SnO2-Sb/PbO2 and Ti/SnO2-Sb/MnO2 anodes. Water Res 46(7):2281–2289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.01.053
Liou RM, Chen SH, Hung MY, Hsu CS, Lai JY (2005) Fe (III) supported on resin as effective catalyst for the heterogeneous oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution. Chemosphere 59(1):117–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.080
Martínez-Huitle CA, Ferro S (2006) Electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants for the wastewater treatment: direct and indirect processes. Chem Soc Rev 35(12):1324–1340. https://doi.org/10.1039/B517632H
Montilla F, Morallón E, Battisti A, De BS, Daolio S, Vázquez JL (2004) Preparation and characterization of antimony-doped tin dioxide electrodes. 3. XPS and SIMS characterization. J Phys Chem B 108(41):15976–15981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp048674+
Niu JF, Bao YP, Li Y, Chai Z (2013) Electrochemical mineralization of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Ti/SnO2–Sb electrodes. Chemosphere 92(11):1571–1577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.035
Santos ID, Afonso JC, Dutra AJB (2009) The influence of calcination temperature on the corrosion resistance of a Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode for phenol electrooxidation in chloride medium. Materia-Rio De Janeiro 14(3):1015–1027 (in Portuguese). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-70762009000300013
Simond O, Schaller V, Comninellis C (1997) Theoretical model for the anodic oxidation of organics on metal oxide electrodes. Electrochim Acta 42(13-14):2009–2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(97)85475-8
Sirés I, Brillas S, Oturan MA, Rodrigo MA, Panizza M (2014) Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: today and tomorrow. A review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(14):8336–8367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2783-1
Skoumal M, Arias C, Cabot PL, Centellas F, Farrido JA, Rodríguez RM, Brillas E (2008) Mineralization of the biocide chloroxylenol by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. Chemosphere 71:1717–1729
Trasatti S (2000) Electrocatalysis: understanding the success of DSA®. Electrochim Acta 45(15-16):2377–2385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00338-8
Yang X, Zou R, Huo F, Cai D, Xiao D (2009) Preparation and characterization of Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3–Nb2O5/PbO2 thin film as electrode material for the degradation of phenol. J Hazard Mater 164(1):367–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.010
Ye XK, Zhang JY, Zhang Y, Lv YC, Dou RN, Wen SL, Li LH, Chen YC, Hu YY (2016) Treatment of Ni-EDTA containing wastewater by electrocoagulation using iron scraps packed-bed anode. Chemosphere 164:304–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.043
Zeng HB, Liu SL, Chai BY, Cao D, Wang Y, Zhao X (2016) Enhanced photoelectrocatalytic decomplexation of Cu−EDTA and Cu recovery by persulfate activated by UV and cathodic reduction. Environ Sci Technol 50:6459−6466
Zhao X, Gou L, Qu J (2014a) Photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of Cu-EDTA complex and electrodeposition recovery of Cu in a continuous tubular photoelectrochemical reactor. Chem Eng J 239:53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.088
Zhao X, Guo LB, Hu CZ, Liu HJ, Qu JH (2014b) Simultaneous destruction of nickel (II)-EDTA with TiO2/Ti film anode and electrodeposition of nickel ions on the cathode. Appl Catalys B: Environ 144:478–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.07.038
Zhao J, Zhu CZ, Lu J, Hu CJ, Peng SC, Chen TH (2014c) Electro-catalytic degradation of bisphenol A with modified Co3O4/β-PbO2/Ti electrode. Electrochim Acta 118:169–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.005
Zheng MD, Ni JM, Liang F, Wang MC, Zhao XJ (2016) Effect of annealing temperature on the crystalline structure, growth behaviour and properties of SnO2:Sb thin films prepared by radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering. J Alloy Compd 663:371–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.12.037
Funding
The research was financially supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (21677052), Major Science and Technology Program for the Industry-Academia-Research Collaborative Innovation (201704020206), Guangdong Water Conservancy Science and Technology Innovation Project (2017-25), Guangdong Province Science and Technology Project (2016B090918104, 2016B020240005, 2017A020216013), Joint fund of Guangdong Province (U1401235) and Zhanjiang of Guangdong Energy Co. (ZY-KJ-YX-2016X085F).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Bingcai Pan
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 674 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lei, X., Li, L., Chen, Y. et al. Effect of calcination temperature on the properties of Ti/SnO2-Sb anode and its performance in Ni-EDTA electrochemical degradation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 11683–11693 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1444-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1444-1