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Comparative responses of diazotrophic abundance and community structure to the chemical composition of paddy soil

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Abstract

Diazotrophy is considered as one of the most crucial and dynamic phenomena in the rice field and also a major source of nitrogen input. The objective of this study was to elucidate possible interactions between diverse and dominant diazotrophic bacterial community and organic carbon composition of the paddy soil. Our results suggest that most abundantly found diazotrophs belong to a proteobacteria group and uncultured bacterial forms. A gene abundance study clearly showed significantly higher diazotrophic abundance (P < 0.01) at Chandauli (CHN) as compared to Varanasi (VNS) and Ghazipur (GHJ) districts of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India, with nitrogenase reductase (nifH) copy number between 1.44 × 103 and 3.34 × 103 copy g−1 soil. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy data identified –CO–, C=O (\( {\mathrm{NH}}_{2^{-}} \) and –NH–), \( {\mathrm{CH}}_{2^{-}} \), and OH– as dominant organic functional groups in the paddy soil. Multivariate analysis was performed to get a clear and more accurate picture of interactions between free-living diazotrophs and abiotic soil factors. Regression analysis suggested a similar trend of distribution of different functional groups along each site. Relative abundance and diversity of diazotrophic population increased in response to FT-IR-based soil organic fractions. Maximum number of FT-IR spectral peak at sites in the Chandauli district augmented its bacterial diazotrophic diversity and abundance. Taken together, the present study sheds light on the substrate-driven composition of the microbial population of selected paddy areas.

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Acknowledgements

The Head, Department of Botany, Coordinator CAS and DST-FIST programs, Department of Botany, BHU, Varanasi, India, is gratefully acknowledged for providing laboratory facilities. Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University is acknowledged for FT-IR Analysis.

Funding

This study has been supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India [38(1316)/12/EMR-II]. MS is also thankful to UGC, New Delhi, for providing financial assistance in the form of fellowship.

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  1. Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Meenakshi Srivastava & Arun Kumar Mishra

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  1. Meenakshi Srivastava
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  2. Arun Kumar Mishra
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Correspondence to Arun Kumar Mishra.

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Srivastava, M., Mishra, A.K. Comparative responses of diazotrophic abundance and community structure to the chemical composition of paddy soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 399–412 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0375-6

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