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Emerging trends in photodegradation of petrochemical wastes: a review

  • Review Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Various human activities like mining and extraction of mineral oils have been used for the modernization of society and well-beings. However, the by-products such as petrochemical wastes generated from such industries are carcinogenic and toxic, which had increased environmental pollution and risks to human health several folds. Various methods such as physical, chemical and biological methods have been used to degrade these pollutants from wastewater. Advance oxidation processes (AOPs) are evolving techniques for efficient sequestration of chemically stable and less biodegradable organic pollutants. In the present review, photocatalytic degradation of petrochemical wastes containing monoaromatic and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied using various heterogeneous photocatalysts (such as TiO2, ZnO and CdS. The present article seeks to offer a scientific and technical overview of the current trend in the use of the photocatalyst for remediation and degradation of petrochemical waste depending upon the recent advances in photodegradation of petrochemical research using bibliometric analysis. We further outlined the effect of various heterogeneous catalysts and their ecotoxicity, various degradation pathways of petrochemical wastes, the key regulatory parameters and the reactors used. A critical analysis of the available literature revealed that TiO2 is widely reported in the degradation processes along with other semiconductors/nanomaterials in visible and UV light irradiation. Further, various degradation studies have been carried out at laboratory scale in the presence of UV light. However, further elaborative research is needed for successful application of the laboratory scale techniques to pilot-scale operation and to develop environmental friendly catalysts which support the sustainable treatment technology with the “zero concept” of industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, there is a need to develop more effective methods which consume less energy and are more efficient in pilot scale for the demineralization of pollutant.

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Abbreviations

H3PW12O40 :

Phosphotungstic acid

MWNT:

Multi-walled nanotubes

ZSM:

Zeolite socony mobil

HMS:

Hexagonal mesoporous silicate

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

SNTZS:

Supported nano-titania ZSM silicate

BTEX:

Benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene

LTS:

Low temperature sol–gel

LFS:

Liquid flame spraying

PANI:

Polyaniline

VOC:

Volatile organic compounds

HPW:

Short form for H3PW12O40

SnO2 :

Tin oxide

TiO2 :

Titania

AgBr:

Silver bromide

Bi2O3 :

Bismuth trioxide

SiO2 :

Silica

ZrO2 :

Zirconia

CCVD:

Catalytic chemical vapour deposition

Nd(NO3)3 .6H2O:

Neodymium(III) nitrate hexahydrate

Pd:

Palladium

Zr:

Zirconium

La(NO3)3 .6H2O:

Lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate

Ti(O-Bu)4 :

Tetra-n-butyl titanium

SrCO3 :

Strontium carbonate

CeO2 :

Ceria

TTIP:

Titanium isopropoxide

CdS:

Cadmium sulphide

RF:

Radiofrequency

Ag4V2O7/ Ag3VO4 :

Silver anadates

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Acknowledgments

The authors thankfully acknowledge Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, and University Grant Commission , New Delhi for providing financial support as fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Pardeep Singh, Ankita Ojha & Dhanesh Tiwary

  2. Department of Environmental Studies, PGDAV College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110068, India

    Pardeep Singh

  3. Centre for Studies in Science Policy, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, 110067, India

    Anwesha Borthakur

  4. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Rishikesh Singh

  5. Rajghat Education Centre, KFI, Varanasi, 221005, India

    D. Lahiry

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Pradeep Kumar Mishra

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  1. Pardeep Singh
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  2. Ankita Ojha
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  3. Anwesha Borthakur
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  4. Rishikesh Singh
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Correspondence to Pardeep Singh.

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There are no conflicts of interest among authors. There is no involvement of human or animal cell in this work. All the co-authors have seen the final manuscript and agreed with the submission to the journal. The manuscript has not been published elsewhere. The article is not consideration under any other journal in full or in part. The data or figures have been used with permission. The funding agencies have been duly acknowledged. All the further responsibilities will be undertaken by the corresponding author.

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Singh, P., Ojha, A., Borthakur, A. et al. Emerging trends in photodegradation of petrochemical wastes: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 22340–22364 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7373-y

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