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Diffuse Water Pollution by Anthraquinone and Azo Dyes in Environment Importantly Alters Foliage Volatiles, Carotenoids and Physiology in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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Abstract

To gain insight into the effects of aqueous solutions of different dyes on plant performance and identify the most promising traits for fast assessment of toxicity, we studied the influences of two anthraquinone dyes (Optilan Blue and Lanasyn Blue) and four azo dyes (Lanasyn Red, Nylosan Red, Nylosan Dark Brown and Lanasyn Dark Brown) at two different concentrations (0.5 and 1.5 mg l−1) on foliage photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and emissions of lipoxygenase pathway products (LOX; green leaf volatiles) and monoterpenes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. “Lovrin”). Net assimilation rate was only inhibited by the highest concentration of Nylosan Red, while stomatal conductance to water vapor was strongly influenced by all azo dyes. Concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophylls and carotenoids, were most strongly reduced in treatments with azo dyes especially with those which contained chromium in their molecular structure. These data collectively indicate important reduction of foliage physiological activity by textile dyes and indicate that emissions of leaf volatiles can provide a promising tool to assess the toxicity of different dyes.

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Acknowledgements

This paper was accomplished with the support of EURODOC “Doctoral Scholarships for research performance at European level” project, financed by the European Social Fund and Romanian Government. Funding for this research has been also provided by the European Commission through European Regional Fund (the Center of Excellence in Environmental Adaptation), the Estonian Ministry of Science and Education (grant SF1090065s07) and the Estonian Science Foundation (grant 9089).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Florina Copaciu, Ocsana Opriş & Dumitru Ristoiu

  2. “Raluca Ripan” Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babeş-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Virginia Coman

  3. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 1 Kreutzwaldi, 51014, Tartu, Estonia

    Ülo Niinemets & Lucian Copolovici

  4. Institute of Technical and Natural Sciences Research–Development of “Aurel Vlaicu” University, Romania, 2 Elena Dragoi, 310330, Arad, Romania

    Lucian Copolovici

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  1. Florina Copaciu
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  2. Ocsana Opriş
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Copaciu, F., Opriş, O., Coman, V. et al. Diffuse Water Pollution by Anthraquinone and Azo Dyes in Environment Importantly Alters Foliage Volatiles, Carotenoids and Physiology in Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Water Air Soil Pollut 224, 1478 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1478-4

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