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Optimal Operation of Pressurized Irrigation Networks with Several Supply Sources

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Abstract

The evolution of water distribution systems to pressurized networks has improved water use efficiency, but also significantly increased energy consumption. However, sustainable irrigated agriculture must be characterized by the reasonable and efficient use of both water and energy. Irrigation sectoring where farmers are organized in turns is one of the most effective measures to reduce energy use in irrigation water distribution networks. Previous methodologies developed for branched irrigation networks with one single source node have resulted in considerable energy savings. However, these methodologies were not suitable for networks with several water supply points. In this work, we develop an optimization methodology (WEBSOM) aimed at minimizing energy consumption and based on operational sectoring for networks with several source nodes. Using the NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm, the optimal sectoring operation calendar that minimizes both energy consumption and pressure deficit is obtained. This methodology is tested in the irrigation district of Palos de la Frontera (Huelva, Spain) with three pumping stations, showing that potential annual energy savings of between 20 % and 29 % can be achieved, thus ensuring full pressure requirements in nearly all hydrants, along with the total satisfaction of irrigation requirements.

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Abbreviations

γ:

Water specific weight

η:

Global efficiency of pumps

EC:

Pumping stations operation energy consumption

CID:

Penalty factor depending on irrigation deficit

CMPD:

Penalty factor depending on the magnitude of pressure deficit

Ds :

Number of days in month s

Hiws :

Pressure head of pumping station i when sector w operates in month s

i:

Pumping stations index

IN:

Theoretical daily irrigation requirements per month and hydrant

j:

Index related to nodes

lj * :

Topological dimensionless coordinate related to friction losses in pipes

lj−i :

Distance between the hydrant j and the pumping station i

lmax−i :

Distance between the furthest hydrant and the pumping station i

N:

Number of pumping stations

Ns :

Number of irrigation network operation months

Nsect :

Number of operating sectors during month s

nv :

Number of decision variables

Pf:

Pressure failure percentage

qj :

Base demand in hydrant j

qmax :

Design flow

Qiws :

Pumped flow by pumping station i when sector w operates in month s

Qreqs :

Theoretical irrigation requirements during month s

Qsupplys :

Flow supplied by pumping stations during month s

s:

Month index

Sj :

Irrigation area associated to each hydrant

tds :

Water availability time during month s

trs :

Daily irrigation time required during month s

ts :

Daily irrigation time during month s

w:

Index related to sector

zj * :

Topological dimensionless coordinate related to the hydrant elevation j

zi :

Pumping station elevation i

zj :

Hydrant elevation j

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Acknowledgments

This research is part of the AMERE project (AGL2011-30328-C02-02), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, University of Cordoba, Campus Rabanales, Edif. Da Vinci 14071, Cordoba, Spain

    I. Fernández García, J. A. Rodríguez Díaz, E. Camacho Poyato & P. Montesinos

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  1. I. Fernández García
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  2. J. A. Rodríguez Díaz
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  3. E. Camacho Poyato
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  4. P. Montesinos
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Correspondence to I. Fernández García.

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Fernández García, I., Rodríguez Díaz, J.A., Camacho Poyato, E. et al. Optimal Operation of Pressurized Irrigation Networks with Several Supply Sources. Water Resour Manage 27, 2855–2869 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0319-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0319-y

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