Abstract
Anacardium othonianum Rizz. is a native species of the Cerrado with nutritional and phytotherapeutic properties. Studies that characterize the physiological behavior and the photoautotrophism and production of secondary metabolites by this species in vitro are still scarce. In this context, the objective was to induce photoautotrophism and increase the production of secondary metabolites in A. othonianum using increased light intensities. Five photon flux densities—12, 25, 50, 100 and 150 µmol m−2 s−1—were tested in a growth chamber during in vitro culture. The plant material was analyzed after 50 days of cultivation. Higher values for the leaf area, dry weight and gallic acid were observed under 100 µmol m−2 s−1. Beyond this level of irradiance, the luminous stress increased, as evidenced by the intensification of lipid peroxidation and the lower mean potential quantum yield, chloroplastid pigments and biomass. Luminous intensities below 50 µmol m−2 s−1 did not provide a satisfactory energy supply for the accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites, such as gallic acid, rutin and vitexin. Therefore, varying the photon flux density represents a promising strategy to both promote photoautotrophism and elicit secondary metabolites in A. othonianum.
Key message
The morphophysiological characteristics of Anacardium othonianum cultivated in vitro varied considerably as a function of irradiance, its increased phenolic compounds accumulation.
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We thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG) and the Instituto Federal Goiano providing the equipment and reagents for this research.
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MR and ARN performed the experiments; VOM and MR raised the vitro plants for the experiments; PSP and LAD performed the chromatographic analyzes; ESA, LAD and VOM performed anatomical analyzes; MR, ARN, FGS and ACC contributed to the design and interpretation of the research and to the writing of the paper.
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Supplementary Figure 1—Chlorophyll fluorescence images. Potential quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (ФPSII), regulated energy dissipation yield (ФNPQ), nonregulated energy dissipation yield (ФNO) and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) as measured at steady state (11 µmol m−2 s−1) in the leaves of Anacardium othonianum Rizz in vitro. The false color code below the images ranges from 0.000 (black) to 1,000 (pink). (DOCX 619 kb)
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Rosa, M., Rubio Neto, A., Marques, V.d. et al. Variations in photon flux density alter the morphophysiological and chemical characteristics of Anacardium othonianum Rizz. in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 140, 523–537 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01744-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01744-x