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Towards a new approach of controlling endophytic bacteria associated with date palm explants using essential oils, aqueous and methanolic extracts from medicinal and aromatic plants

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Abstract

We identified two strains of endophytic bacteria associated with date palm explants by 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, and we explored different approaches to control them. Based on their 16S sequences, the two isolates were identified as Microbacterium testaceum and Serratia marcescens. Antibacterial activity of essential oils, methanolic and aqueous extracts, from seven plant species against these endophytic bacteria was studied using different methods. The essential oils and the aqueous extracts of Artemisia herba-alba, Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus satureioides inhibited the growth of both isolates through the disc diffusion method. The inhibition zones ranged from 18 to 31.5 mm and from 5 to 7 mm for essential oils and aqueous extracts, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 0.025 to 0.033% and 0.033 to 0.05%, respectively. None of the methanolic extracts had any activity against the bacteria. The incorporation of the extracts into the culture medium showed different results depending on culture phase. During the induction phase, none of the extracts was able to inhibit the bacterial growth without causing phytotoxicity. During shoot bud multiplication, only the essential oils of A. herba-alba at the concentration of 0.1% inhibited the bacterial growth without causing phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the explants showed normal growth with an average number of 13.1 shoot buds per explant. The use of extract-impregnated plugs showed no inhibitory activity against the bacteria, whereas immersing explants in the antibacterial solutions caused browning and death of plant tissues.

Key message

The endophytic bacteria observed during date palm organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis were identified for the first time ever using 16S sequencing, and a new biological and efficient approach to control it was developed.

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Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to Mr. Elmostafa El Fahime from the National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST, Rabat, Morocco) for his valuable assistance in 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, CRRA-Errachidia, UR Systèmes Oasiens, Laboratoire National de Culture des Tissus du Palmier Dattier, Avenue Moulay Ali Cherif, BP 2, Errachidia, Morocco

    Reda Meziani, Hicham El Idrissy & Mohamed Laaguidi

  2. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, CRRA-Marrakech, UR Agro-Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, BP 533, Marrakech, Morocco

    Mouaad Amine Mazri

  3. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, CRRA-Errachidia, UR Systèmes Oasiens, Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, Avenue Moulay Ali Cherif, BP 2, Errachidia, Morocco

    Adil Essarioui

  4. Université Moulay Ismail, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP 509, Errachidia, Morocco

    Chakib Alem & Fatima Jaiti

  5. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, CRRA-Rabat, UR Biotechnologie, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui, BP 6356, Rabat, Morocco

    Ghizlane Diria & Fatima Gaboun

Authors
  1. Reda Meziani
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  2. Mouaad Amine Mazri
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  3. Adil Essarioui
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  4. Chakib Alem
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  5. Ghizlane Diria
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  6. Fatima Gaboun
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  7. Hicham El Idrissy
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  8. Mohamed Laaguidi
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  9. Fatima Jaiti
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Contributions

RM, MAM, CA and FJ conceived and designed research. RM, HEI and ML prepared plant extracts and essential oils. RM, AE, HEI and ML performed antibacterial activity experiments. RM, MAM, HEI and ML performed organogenesis experiments. GD and FG performed DNA sequencing and bacteria identification. MAM and AE wrote the manuscript. MAM conducted statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Reda Meziani.

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Communicated by Nokwanda Pearl Makunga.

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Meziani, R., Mazri, M., Essarioui, A. et al. Towards a new approach of controlling endophytic bacteria associated with date palm explants using essential oils, aqueous and methanolic extracts from medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 137, 285–295 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01570-1

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