Abstract
In this study, mature zygotic embryos, plant growth regulators, and various media were tested with the aim of developing an efficient regeneration system for plantlets of the bamboo species Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Callus formation was induced in explants cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0–3.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Optimal shoot differentiation and subsequent shoot growth were also obtained in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l benzyladenine, 1 mg/l kinetin, and 1 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid. Root induction was enhanced by the addition of 5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid to the culture medium. Histological analysis revealed that both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis were induced during callus initiation, shoot differentiation, and the development of plantlets from the mature zygotic embryos. Our data provide a useful basis for developing culture protocols for the regeneration of bamboo plants.
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Notes
Embryogenic callus was initiated and plant regeneration achieved by culturing spikelets and seeds explants of Bambusa multiplex. Wu’s NB medium supplemented with 500 mg/l proline, 500 mg/l glutamine, 300 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 30 g/l sucrose, 8 g/l carrageenan, and 4 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was found to be the most appropriate medium for callus induction. However, only a few calli induced from spikelets germinated, whereas calli induced from seeds had a regeneration rate of up to 80%. The optimal pre-differentiation medium for seed embryoids was MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) basal medium supplemented with 3 mg/l benzylaminopurine and 3 mg/l kinetin. Plantlets were rooted in MS supplemented with 2 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid.
The genotypical differences in the ability of anthers to be cultured and the inheritance of this ability were investigated in seven keng rice (Oryza sativa subsp. keng) varieties and their hybrids. The induction basal medium for anther culture was NB medium (N6 macrosalts, B5 microsalts, and organic compounds), while MS basal medium was used for shoot differentiation. The results showed that the genotypic variances in general and specific combining abilities of callus induction frequencies and shoot differentiation frequencies were significant at the 1% level. The results of this study indicated that it was possible to transfer genes of anthers showing a high culture ability from one genotype to another by crossing.
The effect of HB medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D on callus induction and maintenance in 25 wheat genotypes in comparison with that of N6 medium. The results showed that HB medium was more effective in terms of both callus induction and maintenance.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Xuerong Shi for his critical reading of the manuscript, and Dr. Lichun Huang at Taiwan Academia Sinica for providing technical assistance during the bamboo tissue culture. This work was supported by research grants from the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, China [grant no. 2006C12008].
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Zhang, N., Fang, W., Shi, Y. et al. Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii . Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 103, 325–332 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9783-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9783-8