Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Body Objectification, Self-Esteem, and Relationship Satisfaction: A Comparison of Exotic Dancers and College Women

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Sex Roles Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We examined body objectification, self-esteem, and relationship satisfaction differences between college women and exotic dancers and the relationships among these measures for both groups. Forty-three college women and 40 female exotic dancers completed a questionnaire that assessed each of these constructs. Relative to college women, exotic dancers reported less relationship satisfaction, more body surveillance, and a greater prioritizing of body attractiveness over physical competence. Relationship satisfaction and the prioritizing of appearance over physical competence varied for the heterosexual and bisexual dancers. For exotic dancers, the body objectification measures of surveillance and shame were negatively, and body control was positively, related to self-esteem; body shame was negatively related to relationship satisfaction. For college women, higher levels of body surveillance and body shame were associated with higher prioritizing of physical attractiveness relative to physical competence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akan, G. E., & Grilo, C. M. (1995). Sociocultural influences on eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning: A comparison of African American, Asian American, and Caucasian college women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 181–187.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barton, B. (2002). Dancing on the Mobius strip: Challenging the sex war paradigm. Gender and Society, 16, 585–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernard, C., DeGabrielle, C., Cartier, L., Monk-Turner, E., Phill, C., Sherwood, J., et al. (2003). Exotic dancers: Gender differences in societal reaction, subcultural ties, and conventional support. Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 10(1), 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushman, C. (2000). Stop pretending. Retrieved September 5, 2004, from http://www.Connectionmagazine.org/archives_old2000/stoppretend.htm.

  • Eaves, E. (2002). Bare: The naked truth about stripping. Emeryville, CA: Seal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Noll, S. M. (1998). A mediation model linking self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 623–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997). Objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., Roberts, T., Noll, S. M., Quinn, D. M., & Twenge, J. M. (1998). That swimsuit becomes you: Sex differences in self-objectification, restricted eating, and math performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 269–284.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friday, N. (1999). Our looks/our lives: Sex, beauty, power, and the need to be seen. New York: Harper-Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilman, S. J. (2003). Klaus Barbie, and other dolls I’d like to see. In O. Edut (Ed.), Body outlaws: Rewriting the rules of beauty and body image (pp. 14–21). Emeryville, CA: Seal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrick, S. S. (1998). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 93–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. (1998). Learning to strip: The socialization experiences of exotic dancers. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 7, 51–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J., & Maticka-Tyndale, E. (2000). Licensing sex work: Public policy and women’s lives. Canadian Public Policy, 26, 437–449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinley, N. M. (1998). Gender differences in undergraduates’ body esteem: The mediating effect of objectified body consciousness and actual/ideal weight discrepancy. Sex Roles, 39, 113–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKinley, N. M. (1999). Women and objectified body consciousness: Mothers’ and daughters’ body experience in cultural, developmental, and familial context. Developmental Psychology, 35, 760–769.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The objectified body consciousness scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 181–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muehlenkamp, J. J., & Saris-Baglama, R. N. (2002). Self-objectification and its psychological outcomes for college women. Psychology of Women, 26, 371–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murnen, S. K., Smolak, L., Mills, J. A., & Good, L. (2003). Thin sexy women and strong, muscular men: Grade-school children’s responses to objectified images of women and men. Sex Roles, 49, 427–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel, K. L., & Jones, K. H. (1992). Sociological factors in the development of eating disorders. Adolescence, 27, 107–113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1994). Emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 424–444.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, S. M., & Fredrickson B. L. (1998). A mediational model linking self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 623–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, E. M., & Betz, N. E. (2001). The relationship of participation in sports and physical activity to body objectification, instrumentality, and locus of control among young women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 209–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prichard, I., & Tiggemann, M. (2005). Objectification in fitness centers: Self-objectification, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in aerobic instructors and aerobic participants. Sex Roles, 53, 19–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundahl, D. (1987). Stripper. In F. Delacoste & P. Alenander (Eds.), Sex work: Writings by women in the sex industry (pp. 175–180). Pittsburgh: Cleis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiggemann, M. (2001). The impact of adolescent girls’ life concerns and leisure activities on body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and self-esteem. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 162, 133–142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiggemann, M., & Kuring, J. K. (2004a). The role of body objectification in disorder eating and depressed mood. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 311–399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiggemann, M. & Kuring, J. K. (2004b). The role of body objectification in disordered eating and depressed mood. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 299–311.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2001). A test of objectification theory in former dancers and non-Dancers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 57–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tisdale, S. (1995). A weight that women carry. In P. Foster (Ed.), Minding the body: Women writers on body and soul (pp. 15–31). New York: First Anchor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, C. I., & Busby, D. M. (1997). Relationship satisfaction: Impact and consequences for women’s emotional health and treatment. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Review, 19, 443–461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gloria Cowan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Downs, D.M., James, S. & Cowan, G. Body Objectification, Self-Esteem, and Relationship Satisfaction: A Comparison of Exotic Dancers and College Women. Sex Roles 54, 745–752 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9042-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9042-y

Keywords

Navigation