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TiO2/polypyrrole nanocomposites photoactive under visible light synthesized by heterophase polymerization in the presence of different surfactants

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TiO2/polypyrrole nanocomposites were synthesized by batch (B) and semi-batch (SB) heterophase polymerization of pyrrole onto TiO2 nanoparticles. Sodium bis-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (AOT), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used as surfactants while ammonium persulfate served as oxidizing agent. The resulting nanocomposites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. TiO2/polypyrrole nanoparticles were tested as photocatalysts under visible light in the degradation of methylene blue. Nanocomposites with conductivities between 4.85 × 10−7 and 1.88 × 10−2 S/cm were obtained. It was concluded that the polymerization mode and the surfactant type, used as a stabilizing agent, have a strong effect on the photocatalytic activity of the materials. The best results were obtained when SDS was used and polymerization carried out in SB mode. Percentage of photodegradation under visible light after 15 min was as follows: TiO2 1.7 %, CTAB-SB 25.5 %, SDS-B 39.6 %, CTAB-B 57.5 %, AOT-SB 69.4 %, AOT-B 80.1 %, and SDS-SB 94.1 %; while under UV light irradiation after 60 min the percentages were: SDS-B 64 %, CTAB-SB 67 %, CTAB-B 69 %, TiO2 71 %, AOT-SB 88.2 %, AOT-B 95.0 %, and SDS-SB 96.5 %.

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Acknowledgments

V.M.O.M. wants to thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología—México Grant # SEP-80843. B. E. Castillo-Reyes acknowledges the scholarship from CONACYT (229857).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ingeniería Química, Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano (COARA), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera a Cedral KM 5+600, San José de las Trojes, 78700, Matehuala, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Víctor M. Ovando-Medina

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, Zona Universitaria, 78240, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Blanca E. Castillo-Reyes, Omar González-Ortega & Pedro A. Alonso-Dávila

  3. Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Cd. Universitaria, 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

  4. Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Luis Enrique Erro S/N, 07738, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez

  5. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola, DICIVA, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda el Copal KM 9, Carretera Irapuato-Silao, 36500, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico

    A. Márquez-Herrera

Authors
  1. Blanca E. Castillo-Reyes
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  2. Víctor M. Ovando-Medina
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  3. Omar González-Ortega
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  4. Pedro A. Alonso-Dávila
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  5. Isaías Juárez-Ramírez
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  6. Hugo Martínez-Gutiérrez
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  7. A. Márquez-Herrera
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Correspondence to Víctor M. Ovando-Medina.

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Castillo-Reyes, B.E., Ovando-Medina, V.M., González-Ortega, O. et al. TiO2/polypyrrole nanocomposites photoactive under visible light synthesized by heterophase polymerization in the presence of different surfactants. Res Chem Intermed 41, 8211–8231 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-014-1886-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-014-1886-0

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