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Critical concentration of available soil phosphorus for grain yield and zinc nutrition of winter wheat in a zinc-deficient calcareous soil

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Abstract

Background and aims

The decrease in cereal grain zinc (Zn) caused by phosphorus (P) application has attracted wide attention. However, optimizing P fertilization for both satisfactory grain yield and grain Zn concentration is still a problem due to a poor understanding of the relationship between P application rates and available soil P, and that of available soil P and soil Zn availability, relevant soil factors, and plant Zn uptake and utilization.

Methods

A location-fixed field experiment was initiated in 2004 with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at five P rates of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg P2O5 ha−1, and soil and plant samples were collected during the three growing seasons of 2013–2016.

Results

Winter wheat grain yield increased, and the grain Zn concentration decreased with increasing available soil P in a linear-plus-plateau manner. The grain yield plateau, averaging 6009 ± 155 kg ha−1, was reached at an available soil P concentration of 10.2 ± 2.5 mg kg−1, and the grain Zn plateau, averaging 22.4 ± 0.9 mg kg−1, was reached at an available soil P of 14.2 ± 1.8 mg kg−1. Shoot Zn uptake after flowering was not affected, while Zn remobilization from vegetative parts to grains and the Zn harvest index increased with P application at available soil P levels below 11.6 mg kg−1. The available soil Zn increased, and root mycorrhizal colonization was unaffected at lower available soil P levels.

Conclusions

The decrease in wheat grain Zn concentration with increasing P application at lower available soil P levels was primarily explained by yield dilution effects, not the changes in available soil Zn and root mycorrhizal colonization. Under the experimental conditions, the available soil P would have to be as low as 0.7 ± 0.4 mg kg−1 to achieve the target grain Zn concentration of 40 mg kg−1, and at this level, the grain yield would only be 4127 ± 252 kg ha−1.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200401), the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-3), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303104), the Agricultural Scientific Research Talent and Team Program, and staffs and beamline 4W1B of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Xiaoli Hui, Sen Wang, Hanbing Cao, Mei Shi & Zhaohui Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Xiaoli Hui, Sen Wang, Hanbing Cao, Mei Shi & Zhaohui Wang

  3. Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China

    Laichao Luo

  4. College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China

    Ming Huang

  5. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada

    Sukhdev S. Malhi

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  1. Xiaoli Hui
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  2. Laichao Luo
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Hui, X., Luo, L., Wang, S. et al. Critical concentration of available soil phosphorus for grain yield and zinc nutrition of winter wheat in a zinc-deficient calcareous soil. Plant Soil 444, 315–330 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04273-w

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