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Citrate exudation induced by aluminum is independent of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and coupled with potassium efflux from cluster roots of phosphorus-deficient white lupin

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Abstract

Aims

Exudation of organic acid anions is one of the mechanisms responsible for aluminum (Al) tolerance. The plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase is involved in the exudation of organic acid anions. However, the relationship between organic acid exudation and PM H+-ATPase under Al toxicity remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the correlation among Al-induced citrate exudation, PM H+-ATPase activity and counterions for citrate release from cluster roots of phosphorus-deficient (−P) white lupin.

Methods

Al and various pharmacological agents were applied to incubate the cluster roots of P-deficient white lupin; the citrate exudation rate, PM H+-ATPase activity and ion exudation of cluster roots were examined.

Results

Citrate exudation from cluster roots of P-deficient white lupin was induced by 50 μM Al treatment within 1.5 h, but no extra increase was found when the duration of Al treatment increased. The PM H+-ATPase activity of cluster roots was insensitive to Al treatment, irrespective of Al concentration and duration of Al treatment. Al treatment increased K+ efflux but not H+ efflux from cluster roots. After application of pharmacological agents to P-deficient cluster roots under Al treatment or not, vanadate decreased H+ efflux and increased K+ efflux, but had no inhibitory effect on citrate exudation; fusicoccin increased H+ efflux and citrate exudation, but decreased K+ efflux; tetraethylammonium (TEA) chloride, a K+-channel inhibitor, inhibited K+ efflux and increased H+ efflux.

Conclusions

These results indicate that citrate exudation induced by combined treatment with P-deficiency and Al is independent of PM H+-ATPase activity, and is coupled with K+ efflux, which may compensate H+ efflux for keeping the charge balance for Al-induced citrate exudation from cluster roots of P-deficient white lupin.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Program of New Century Excellent Talent in Universities (NCET-11-0672) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30971864 and No. 31201679). We thank the two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions for revising the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China

    Houqing Zeng, Xumeng Feng, Yiyong Zhu, Qirong Shen & Guohua Xu

  2. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, People’s Republic of China

    Houqing Zeng

  3. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People’s Republic of China

    Baolan Wang

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  1. Houqing Zeng
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  2. Xumeng Feng
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  3. Baolan Wang
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  4. Yiyong Zhu
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  5. Qirong Shen
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Correspondence to Yiyong Zhu.

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Zeng, H., Feng, X., Wang, B. et al. Citrate exudation induced by aluminum is independent of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and coupled with potassium efflux from cluster roots of phosphorus-deficient white lupin. Plant Soil 366, 389–400 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1445-7

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