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Cultivation-dependent characterization of rhizobacterial communities from field grown Chinese cabbage Brassica campestris ssp pekinensis and screening of traits for potential plant growth promotion

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Abstract

The composition of the bacterial community associated with plant roots is influenced by a variety of plant, environmental factors and also management practices. Our study aimed at detecting the root associated bacterial communities of Chinese cabbage under different fertilization regimes using cultivation dependent methods. The cultivable population was studied using plate count assay, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis and carbon substrate utilization␣(SU)using BIOLOG™ plates. Taxonomical identification of the isolates by FAME resulted in about 83% identification and they represented 9 and 14 different known bacterial genera from the rhizosphere and root interior respectively from Proteobacteria (α, β, and γ), firmicutes (actinobacteria and the Bacillus groups) and Bacteroidetes. Pseudomonas and Bacillus were associated with the plants grown under all the fertilized conditions and actinobacteria could be observed only in rhizosphere of plants grown on unfertilized plots. FAME and BIOLOG profiles of the rhizosphere and endophytic isolates could separate them with reference to fertilization. Principal component analysis (PCA) on the BIOLOG SU revealed that the isolates were metabolically dissimilar. The diversity, as revealed by the diversity indices was greater among the isolates obtained from unfertilized samples than that of fertilized ones. The isolates analyzed for different traits related to plant growth promotion revealed differences between rhizosphere and endophytic isolates and also with reference to the treatments. The highest percentage of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) utilizers was recorded in chemical fertilizer treated samples, followed by the organic fertilizer treated. The results from this study indicate that fertilizers have an effect on the root associated bacterial communities of Chinese cabbage and also on their physiological characteristics related to plant growth promotion.

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid

ARA:

acetylene reduction assay

AWCD:

average well color development

CAS:

chrome azurol S

CFU:

colony forming units

FAME:

fatty acid methyl ester

IAA:

indole-3-acetic acid

PCA:

principal components analysis

PGPR:

plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

PBS:

phosphate buffered saline

PSB:

phosphate solubilizing bacteria

SIM:

similarity

SU:

substrate utilization

TSA:

tryptic soy agar

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous referees for their critical review of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Korea Research Foundation, Republic of Korea through PhD fellowship to S. Poonguzhali and invitation programs for foreign Scientists & Engineers to M. Madhaiyan.

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  1. Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea

    Selvaraj Poonguzhali, Munusamy Madhaiyan & Tongmin Sa

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  1. Selvaraj Poonguzhali
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  2. Munusamy Madhaiyan
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  3. Tongmin Sa
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Correspondence to Tongmin Sa.

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Poonguzhali, S., Madhaiyan, M. & Sa, T. Cultivation-dependent characterization of rhizobacterial communities from field grown Chinese cabbage Brassica campestris ssp pekinensis and screening of traits for potential plant growth promotion. Plant Soil 286, 167–180 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9035-1

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