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Diverse roles of PtrDUF579 proteins in Populus and PtrDUF579-1 function in vascular cambium proliferation during secondary growth

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Abstract

DUF579 (domain of unknown function 579) family proteins contain a DUF579 domain structure but vary greatly in their overall sequence similarity. Several DUF579 proteins have been found to play a role in cell wall biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, while DUF579 family genes have not yet been systematically investigated in Populus. In this study, the Populus DUF579 family proteins were found to be localized in different cell types and subcellular locations. The diverse expression patterns of the proteins indicate that they may perform different functions in Populus. Among the DUF579 family members, PtrDUF579-1 is found to be specifically expressed in vascular cambium zone cells where it is localized in the Golgi apparatus. Suppression of PtrDUF579-1 expression reduced plant height and stem diameter size. Cambium cell division and xylem tissue growth was inhibited while secondary cell wall formation was unchanged in PtrDUF579-1 suppressed plants. Cell walls analysis showed that the composition of the pectin fraction of the cambium cell wall was altered while other polysaccharides were not affected in PtrDUF579-1 suppressed plants. This observation suggest cambium expressed PtrDUF579-1 may affect cell wall biosynthesis and be involved in cambium cell proliferation in Populus. Overall, DUF579 family proteins play a diverse set of roles in Populus.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Xiaoshu Gao (Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIPPE) for observations with LCSM, and Wenli Hu for assistance with the GC–MS analysis (SIPPE). This work was supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2012CB114502), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31130012) to LL, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (2012KIP302) to DS.

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No conflict of interest declared.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics/Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Dongliang Song, Jiayan Sun & Laigeng Li

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  1. Dongliang Song
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  2. Jiayan Sun
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  3. Laigeng Li
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Correspondence to Laigeng Li.

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11103_2014_206_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Fig. S1. Protein structure of three PtrDUF579 proteins and their Arabidopsis homologs. The predicted transmembrane domains were underlined. The specific peptides selected for antibody production were framed by rectangle. (TIFF 1300 kb)

11103_2014_206_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Fig. S2. Detection of PtrDUF579-1, PtrDUF579-3 and PtrDUF579-9 in plant tissues. The proteins were isolated from developing xylem and phloem tissues and analyzed by Western blot. The PtrDUF579 antibodies were verified for their specificity. DX: developing xylem; DP: developing phloem. (TIFF 170 kb)

11103_2014_206_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Fig. S3. Localization of the PtrDUF579-1 protein in procambium. PtrDUF579-1 is localized in procambium cells indicated by arrow. Bar: 500 μm. (TIFF 1070 kb)

11103_2014_206_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Fig. S4. Internode growth of PtrDUF579-1 suppressed plants. (A) PtrDUF579-1 suppressed plants with six month old. Bar: 20 cm. (B) Internode length was decreased in PtrDUF579-1 suppressed plants. In: internode. Bar: 5 cm. (C) The 10th Internode length of PtrDUF579-1 suppressed plants. Each transgenic line was multiplied through cutting propagation for analysis of biological repeats. Significance was determined by Student’s t test : **, P < 0.01. The values are mean ± SE, n = 5. (TIFF 640 kb)

Table S1. Sequence identity (%) of PtrDUF579 proteins. (DOCX 17 kb)

Table S2. List of primers used in this study. (XLS 28 kb)

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Song, D., Sun, J. & Li, L. Diverse roles of PtrDUF579 proteins in Populus and PtrDUF579-1 function in vascular cambium proliferation during secondary growth. Plant Mol Biol 85, 601–612 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-014-0206-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-014-0206-9

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