Skip to main content
Log in

The Problem of Patriotism: A Psychoanalytic and Theological Analysis

  • Published:
Pastoral Psychology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this article, I examine patriotism from psychoanalytic and theological perspectives, arguing that it is a deeply problematic form of love and devotion. After providing a brief overview of the discourse vis-à-vis patriotism, I depict the characteristics of a dominant form of patriotism (self-state) in the U.S. Given this, I argue that, while patriotism has a variety of forms, the most prevalent form tends toward tragic consequences and it is this tragic tendency that I depict from psychoanalytic and theological perspectives. From a psychoanalytic perspective, the extant form of patriotism in the U.S. represents a self-state that signifies an idealized, omnipotent, and imaginary identification, which is accompanied by and contingent upon a devaluation of the Other. Moreover, the dominant form of patriotic self-states is secured by weak dissociation, omnipotent thinking and, in most cases, a collapse of the symbolic equation. From a Christian theological perspective, patriotism signifies absolutizing the relative and contingent. This form of idolatry manifests a distortion of reason and will, which contributes to corrupted and corrupting forms of love and devotion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Air Force Association. (1995). The Enola Gay and the Smithsonian chronology of the controversy including key documents. Retrieved 3 April 2007, from http://www.afa.org/media/enolagay/chrono.asp

  • Aron, L. (1996). A meeting of minds: Mutuality in psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacevich, A. (2002). American empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.

  • Bacevich, A. (2005). The new American militarism. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, J. (1955). Notes of a native son. Boston, MA: Beacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bush, G. W. (2007). Patriotic quotes. Retrieved July 16, 2008, from http://www.usa-patriotism.com/quotes/bush-gw.htm.

  • Carroll, J. (2006). House of war. New York: Mifflin Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casals, P. (2008). Pablo Casals quotes. Retrieved July 16, 2008, from http://thinkexist.com/quotes/pablo_casals/.

  • Chomsky, N. (2004). Hegemony or survival. New York: Owl Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, M. (2002). Patriotism: A brief history of the term. In I. Promratz (Ed.), Patriotism (pp. 201–216). New York: Humanity Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farley, E. (1990). Good and evil. Minneapolis: Fortress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, N. (2004). Colossus: The rise and fall of the American Empire. New York: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, E. (2008). Patriotism. Retrieved May 22, 2008, from http://www.wisdomquotes.com/cat_patriotism.html.

  • Gomberg, P. (2002). Patriotism is like Racism. In I. Promratz (Ed.), Patriotism (pp. 105–112). New York: Humanity Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, A. (2002). Constitutional patriotism. In I. Promratz (Ed.), Patriotism (pp. 217–232). NewYork: Humanity Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1906). The moral equivalent of war. Retrieved August 20, 2008, from http://www.constitution.org/wj/meow.htm.

  • Johnson, C. (2004). Sorrows of empire. New York: Owl Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. (2007). Nemesis. New York: Metropolitan Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, S. (2007). The truth about patriotism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. (2002). The anarchy of empire in the making of U.S. culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kateb, G. (2006). Patriotism and other mistakes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, E., & Hanauer, N. (2007). The true patriot. Seattle, WA: Sasquatch Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewen, J. (1996). Lies my teacher told me: Everything your American history book got wrong. New York: Touchstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundestad, G. (1990). The Americanempire.” Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacIntyre, A. (2002). Is patriotism a virtue? In I. Promratz (Ed.), Patriotism (pp. 43–58). New York: Humanity Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • McWilliams, N. (1994). Psychoanalytic diagnosis. London: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. (2002). Cosmopolitan respect and patriotic concern. In I. Promratz (Ed.), Patriotism (pp. 167–186). New York: Humanity Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller, J. (2007). Constitutional patriotism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathanson, S. (2002). In defense of “moderate patriotism”. In I. Promratz (Ed.), Patriotism (pp. 87–104). New York: Humanity Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nava, M. (2007). The unconscious and others. In C. Bainbridge, S. Radstone, M. Rustin, & C. Yates (Eds.), Culture and the unconscious (pp. 41–57). New York: Palgrave McMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niebuhr, H. R. (1941). The meaning of revelation. New York: MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niebuhr, H. (1942). War as the judgment of God. Christian Century, 59, 630–633.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niebuhr, H. (1943). War as crucifixion. Christian Century, 60, 512–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • Primoratz, I. (2002). Patriotism: Morally allowed, required, or valuable? In I. Promratz (Ed.), Patriotism (pp. 187–200). New York: Humanity Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryn, C. (2003). America the virtuous. London: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, H. (1957). Notes on symbol formation. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 38, 391–397.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schafer, R. (1959). Aspects of internalization. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stam, R., & Shohat, E. (2007). Flagging patriotism: Crises of narcissism and anti- Americanism. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern, D. B. (1997). Unformulated experience: From dissociation to imagination in psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, K. (2004). Justice without borders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillich, P. (1954). Love, power, and justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tillich, P. (1957). Dynamics of faith. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, C. (2004). Democracy matters. New York: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinn, H. (1998). The twentieth century. New York: HarperPerrenial.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinn, H. (2004). Voices of a peoples history of the United States. New York: Seven Stories.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ryan LaMothe.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

LaMothe, R. The Problem of Patriotism: A Psychoanalytic and Theological Analysis. Pastoral Psychol 58, 151–166 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-008-0179-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-008-0179-1

Keywords

Navigation