Abstract
Stampede accidents have become the major threat to campus security in China. In order to grasp the occurrence regularity of campus stampede accidents in China and to prevent the accidents, statistical analysis methods and case analysis methods were employed to study the temporal and spatial characteristics and inducing factors of campus stampede accidents in China during 2000–2014. The results showed that the occurrence frequency and casualties of campus stampede accidents in China had larger inter-annual changes and presented a decreasing trend overall. Autumn had the largest occurrence frequency and casualties, respectively, accounting for 63 and 74%; winter took the second; and spring and summer were the least. Campus stampede accidents in China were distinct in week variation and an existed Monday phenomenon. Monday had the largest occurrence frequency and casualties, respectively, accounting for 32.4 and 23.1%. Campus stampede accidents in China mostly occurred in south-central China, and in the northwest and southwest borderlands. 92.3% of stampede accidents occurred on stairs. Primary schools had the highest occurrence frequency and casualties, occupying 71.2 and 60.7%. Education fund input, student–teacher ratio, and students’ enrollment had significant impact on campus stampede accidents in China.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bhatia MS, Srivastava S, Jhanjee A (2012) Psychiatric morbidity in school children who suffered a stampede. Ind Psychiatry J 21(1):61–63. doi:10.4103/0972-6748.110953
Chen S, Chen J, Guo W, Ye G (2010) Research on countermeasures on campus stampede accidents. Sci Technol Innov Her 34:247–248
Fry J, Binner JM (2016) Elementary modelling and behavioural analysis for emergency evacuations using social media. Eur J Oper Res 249:1014–1023
Illiyas FT, Mani SK, Pradeepkumar AP, Mohan K (2013) Human stampedes during religious festivals: a comparative review of mass gathering emergencies in India. Int J Disaster Risk Reduct 5:10–18
Lee RSC, Huges RL (2006) Prediction of human crowd pressures. Accid Anal Prev 38:712–722
Li M, Peng H, Zhang X, Deng L (2012) Research on risk assessment system of mass crowded stampede-trampling accidents in stadium. Appl Math Inf Sci 6(1S):9S–14S
Shan X, Su G (2010) Statistical analysis and countermeasures study on the stampede accidents of elementary and secondary schools. China Saf Sci J 20(4):165–170
Wang Q (2010) Thinking on advancing campus security in China based on the experience of foreign campus. Police Educ Train 12:072–074
Wang Q (2012) Research on risk assessment indicators of crowded stampede accidents in elementary and secondary schools. China Saf Sci J 22(1):149–155
Yang S, Ren W, Li X, Shi J (2012) Fault tree analysis of stampede accidents. Saf Environ Eng 19(2):125–131
Zhou Z (2011) Cause analysis and countermeasures discussion on primary and middle school campus stampede based on the theory of crisis management. Sci Technol As Forum 1:186–187
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Education of China (Approved Grant No: 15YJAZH113, 15YJC810006) and Ministry of Education of Henan Province (Approved Grant No: 2015CJJ031). Thanks for the help of Christopher Martin, a American teacher for correcting grammar and spelling.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, Yl., Zhou, Xb. The occurrence laws of campus stampede accidents in China and its prevention and control measures. Nat Hazards 87, 659–673 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2785-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2785-7