Abstract
In the paper, the hydrophobic associating polymer ACS-210 was prepared by solution polymerization of acrylamide, acrylic acid, salt-resisting monomer and hydrophobic monomer. Chemical structure and properties of the polymer was characterized by FTIR, TGA and XRD. The rheological property of ACS-210 solution was investigated by rheometer. The frictional resistance of the ACS-210 solutions at different application condition was examined using friction testing system. Results showed that the thermal stability of polymer ACS-210 increases and crystallinity of ACS-210 declines after incorporating of hydrophobic monomer. The viscosity of ACS-210 solution of different concentration decreased with prolonging the shearing time and the retention rate of viscosity is relatively high after long shearing time. The relation curve between the viscosity of polymer solution and shear rate followed the power law model. When the concentration of ACS-210 aqueous solution was less than the critical associating concentrations, storage modulus G’ is less than loss modulus G”, the association was weaker between the molecular chains, and the effective spatial structure did not form. After increasing the concentration of the polymer solution, G’ is more than G”, the degree of association of polymer is stronger. The synthesized polymer has favorable drag reduction effect. The molecular weight is not the only factor to determine drag reduction efficiency. The hydrophobic association can also improve the drag reduction efficiency.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wever DAZ, Picchioni F, Broekhuis AA (2011) Polymers for enhanced oil recovery: a paradigm for structure–property relationship in aqueous solution[J]. Prog Polym Sci 36(11):1558–1628
Chatterji J, Borchardt JK (1981) Applications of water-soluble polymers in the oil field[J]. J Pet Technol 33(11):2042–2056
Phil. K S S D (2009) Polymer-improved oil recovery[M]. Springer, Netherlands
Yeager V, Shuchart C (1997) In situ gels improve formation acidizing[J]. Oil Gas J 95
Xu D, Liao R, Shi S, et al (2014) Research on factory-like volumetric fracturing in horizontal wells for tight oil[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs
Cooley H, Donnelly K (2014) Hydraulic fracturing and water resources[M]. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics
Qi WU, Yun XU, Wang X et al (2012) Volume fracturing technology of unconventional reservoirs: Connotation, design optimization and implementation[J]. Pet Explor Dev 39(3):377–384
Carman P, Cawiezel K (2007) Successful breaker optimization for Polyacrylamide friction reducers used in SlickwaterFracturing
Khadom AA, Abdul-Hadi AA (2014) Performance of polyacrylamide as drag reduction polymer of crude petroleum flow[J]. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 5(3):861–865
Grabois RN, Lee YN (1991) Use of a water soluble drag reducer in a water/oil/gas system: US, US 5027843 A[P]
Sun H, Qu Q, Stevens R (2013) METHOD OF SLICKWATER FRACTURING: US, US20130025867[P]
Darby R, Pivsa-Art S (1991) An improved correlation for turbulent drag reduction in dilute polymer solutions[J]. Can J Chem Eng 69(6):1395–1400
Wang H, Liao X, Ding H (2015) Monitoring and evaluating the volume fracturing effect of horizontal well[J]. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 22:498–502
Barati R, Liang J (2014) A review of fracturing fluid systems used for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells[J]. J Appl Polym Sci 131(16):318–323
Taylor KC, Nasr-El-Din HA (2007) Hydrophobically associating polymers for oil field applications[J]. Ann Trans
Jan Boc, DB Siano, PL Valint Jr, S J P (1989) Structure and properties of hydrophobically associating polymers[M]
Argillier JF, Audibert A, Lecourtier J et al (1996) Solution and adsorption properties of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polyacrylamides[J]. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 113(3):247–257
Lara-Ceniceros AC, Rivera-Vallejo C, Jiménez-Regalado EJ (2007) Synthesis, characterization and rheological properties of three different associative polymers obtained by micellar polymerization[J]. Polym Bull 58(2):425–433
Kujawa P, Audiberthayet A, Joseph Selb A et al (2005) Effect of ionic strength on the rheological properties of multisticker associative polyelectrolytes[J]. Macromolecules 39(1):384–392
Mccormick CL, Elliott DL (1987) Water-soluble copolymers. XXV. Ion-binding studies of N -substituted acrylamide copolymers using potentiometric and spectroscopic methods[J]. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem 25(5):1329–1337
Deng Q, Li H, Li Y et al (2014) Rheological properties and salt resistance of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide[J]. Aust J Chem 67(10):1396–1402
Shedge AS, Lele AK, Wadgaonkar PP et al (2005) Hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) using 3-pentadecylcyclohexylamine: synthesis and rheology[J]. Macromol Chem Phys 206(206):464–472
Wei X, Hamley IW, Castelletto V et al (2004) Synthesis and characterization of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides and some observations on rheological properties[J]. Eur Polym J 40(1):47–56
Bock J, Siano DB, Turner RS (1987) Hydrophobically associating terpolymers of acrylamide, salts of acrylic acid and alkyl acrylamide: US, US4694046[P]
Coronel VJG, Jiménez-Regalado EJ (2011) Rheological properties of three different microstructures of water-soluble polymers prepared by solution polymerization[J]. Polym Bull 67(2):251–262
Jiang G, Huang L, Li B et al (2012) Synthesis, characterization, rheological behavior, and shear response of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide and network structure of its microhydrogel[J]. J Appl Polym Sci 123(1):66–76
Li Y, Kwak JCT (2004) Rheology of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide-co-poly(acrylic acid) on addition of surfactant and variation of solution pH[J]. Langmuir 20(12):4859–66
Gouveia LM, Müller AJ, Marchal P et al (2008) Time effects on the rheological behavior of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide aqueous solutions mixed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)[J]. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 330(2–3):168–175
Maia AMS, Borsali R, Balaban RC (2009) Comparison between a polyacrylamide and a hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide flood in a sandstone core[J]. Materials Science & Engineering C 29(2):505–509
Horn AF, Wu CD, Prilutski DJ et al (1986) High viscosity crude drag reduction[J]. Pipeline Gas J; (U S) 213:6
Samanta A, Bera A, Ojha K et al (2010) Effects of Alkali, Salts, and Surfactant on Rheological Behavior of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Solutions[J]. J Chem Eng Data 55(55):4315-4322
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the national natural science foundation of China (Grant No. 51103081), the science and technology project of Shaanxi province (Grant No. 2016 GY-193) and the science and technology project of China Xi’an (Grant No. CXY1527).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-017-1225-4.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, L., Wang, D., Shen, Y. et al. Study on properties of hydrophobic associating polymer as drag reduction agent for fracturing fluid. J Polym Res 23, 235 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-016-1129-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-016-1129-8