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Cellulose Fiber Isolation and Characterization from Sweet Blue Lupin Hull and Canola Straw

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Abstract

In this study, cellulose fibers were removed from crop by-products using a combination of sodium hydroxide treatment followed by acidified sodium chlorite treatment. The objective was to obtain high recovery of cellulose by optimizing treatment conditions with sodium hydroxide (5–20%, 25–75 °C and 2–10 h) followed by acidified sodium chlorite (1.7%, 75 °C for 2–6 h) to remove maximum lignin and hemicellulose, as well as to investigate the effect of lignin content of the starting materials on the treatment efficiency. Samples were characterized for their chemical composition, crystallinity, thermal behavior and morphology to evaluate the effects of treatments on the fibers’ structure. The optimum sodium hydroxide treatment conditions for maximum cellulose recovery was at 15% NaOH concentration, 99 °C and 6 h. Subsequent acidified sodium chlorite treatment at 75 °C was found to be effective in removing both hemicellulose and lignin, resulting in higher recovery of cellulose in lupin hull (~ 95%) and canola straw (~ 93%). The resultant cellulose fibers of both crop by-products had increased crystallinity without changing cellulose I structure (~ 68–73%). Improved thermal stabilities were observed with increased onset of degradation temperatures up to 307–318 °C. Morphological investigations validated the effectiveness of treatments, revealing disrupted cell wall matrix and increased surface area due to the removal of non-cellulosics. The results suggest that the optimized combination of sodium hydroxide and acidified sodium chlorite treatments could be effectively used for the isolation of cellulose fibers from sweet blue lupin hull and canola straw, which find a great number of uses in a wide range of industrial applications.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, #05356-2014) and the Food Processing Center of University of Nebraska-Lincoln for the financial support to carry out this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada

    Deniz Ciftci & Marleny D. A. Saldaña

  2. Department of Food Science and Technology, The Food Processing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-6205, USA

    Rolando A. Flores

  3. College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 30003, USA

    Rolando A. Flores

Authors
  1. Deniz Ciftci
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  2. Rolando A. Flores
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  3. Marleny D. A. Saldaña
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Correspondence to Marleny D. A. Saldaña.

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Ciftci, D., Flores, R.A. & Saldaña, M.D.A. Cellulose Fiber Isolation and Characterization from Sweet Blue Lupin Hull and Canola Straw. J Polym Environ 26, 2773–2781 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1164-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1164-5

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