Abstract
Injection of polymeric microparticles is the final step in the drug delivery process. Experience has shown that blockage of the syringe mechanism can be a problem under certain conditions leading to poor control of the final product. Particle size and shape are postulated to be significant factors. In this article 2D Discrete element model (DEM) simulations of circles and semi-circles are used to demonstrate the effect of shape on blockage of the syringe mechanism. To corroborate the calculations, a range of experiments on glass spheres and polymers show good agreement with simulations of normally distributed particle sizes. A similar scenario is also briefly modelled in 3D DEM showing similar trends.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rathbone MJ, Hadgraft J, Roberts MS, Lane ME. Modified-release drug delivery technology. 2nd ed. New York: Informa Healthcare; 2008. pp. 263–272
Zhang JX, Zhu KJ. An improvement of double emulsion technique for preparing bovine serum albumin-loaded PLGA microspheres. J Microencapsul. 2004;21(7):775–85.
Davies OR, Lewis AL, Whitaker MJ, Tai HY, Shakesheff KM, Howdle SM. Applications of supercritical CO2 in the fabrication of polymer systems for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(3):373–87.
Jordan F, Naylor A, Kelly CA, Howdle SM, Lewis A, Illum L. Sustained release hGH microsphere formulation produced by a novel supercritical fluid technology: in vivo studies. J Control Release. 2010;141(2):153–60.
Fisher Scientific Laboratory Catalogue, Needle Gauge Index; 2007–08. p. 396.
Stalder AF, Kulik G, Sage D, Barbieri L, Hoffmann P. A snake-based approach to accurate determination of both contact points and contact angles. Colloid Surf A. 2006;286(1–3):92–103.
Fraige FY, Langston PA, Chen GZ. Distinct element modelling of cubic particle packing and flow. Powder Technol. 2008;186(3):224–40.
Fraige FY, Langston PA, Matchett AJ, Dodds J. Vibration induced flow in hoppers: DEM 2D polygon model. Particuology. 2008;6(6):455–66.
Dziugys A, Peters B. An approach to simulate the motion of spherical and non-spherical fuel particles in combustion chambers. Granul Matter. 2001;3(4):231–65.
Li JT, Langston PA, Webb C, Dyakowski T. Flow of sphero-disc particles in rectangular hoppers—a DEM and experimental comparison in 3D. Chem Eng Sci. 2004;59(24):5917–29.
Yeo SD, Kiran E. Formation of polymer particles with supercritical fluids: a review. J Supercrit Fluids. 2005;34(3):287–308.
Hao JY, Whitaker MJ, Wong B, Serhatkulu G, Shakesheff KM, Howdle SM. Plasticization and spraying of poly (dl-lactic acid) using supercritical carbon dioxide: control of particle size. J Pharm Sci. 2004;93(4):1083–90.
ISO 7886-1 1993 (E). Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use—Part 1: syringes for manual use.
Langston PA, Al-Awamleh MA, Fraige FY, Asmar BN. Distinct element modelling of non-spherical frictionless particle flow. Chem Eng Sci. 2004;59(2):425–35.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (CASE Studentship BB/F018142/1) and Critical Pharmaceuticals for financial support in this project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Whitaker, M.A., Langston, P., Naylor, A. et al. Particle size and shape effects in medical syringe needles: experiments and simulations for polymer microparticle injection. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 22, 1975–1983 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4359-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4359-7