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Carbon dots-based catalyst for various organic transformations

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Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs), owing to their zero-dimensional structure and outstanding physicochemical features, can be used as a support to metals, metal oxides, to form nanocomposites, thus emerging as promising nanocatalysts to drive various organic transformations. For this reason, we planned to review the usage and advantages of these carbon dots and their supported catalysts, in various organic reactions. Furthermore, the recent advancements in CDs to develop it as an amphiphilic catalyst to use an environmentally benign solvent (water) to solvate organic reactants in organic reactions have also been discussed.

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Abbreviations

[APMim][Cl]:

1-Aminopropyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride

BPEI:

Branched polyethyleneimine

c-CDs:

Carboxyl functionalized carbon dots

CDs:

Carbon dots

CDNS:

Cyclodextrin nanosponges

CNDs:

Carbon nanodots

13C NMR:

13C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

CSC:

Coconut shell char

CA:

Citric acid

CQDs:

Carbon quantum dots

CRS:

Colloidal reaction system

DAB:

1,4-Diaminobutane

DDA:

Dodecylamine

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

g-C3N4 :

Graphitic carbon nitride

GO:

Graphene oxide

GQDs:

Graphene quantum dots

HPU:

Hyperbranched polyurethane

IRMOF:

Isoreticular metal–organic framework

IL:

Ionic liquid

LDH:

Layered double hydroxide

LED:

Light-emitting diode

MeOH:

Methanol

MOF:

Metal–organic frameworks

n-CDs:

Amine-functionalized carbon dots

N-CDs:

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NR:

No reaction

NWs:

Nanowires

PB:

Prussian blue

PL:

Photoluminescence

PVP:

Poly-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)

QY:

Quantum yield

r-CDs:

Reduced carbon dots

TBHP:

Tertiary butyl hydroperoxide

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

TEOA:

Triethanolamine

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

TOF:

Turnover frequency

TON:

Turnover number

UV–Vis:

Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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  1. Chemistry of Heterocycles and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India

    Ravichandran Manjupriya & Selvaraj Mohana Roopan

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Manjupriya, R., Roopan, S.M. Carbon dots-based catalyst for various organic transformations. J Mater Sci 56, 17369–17410 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06354-7

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