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Electrochemical degradation of antivirus drug lamivudine formulation: photoelectrocoagulation, peroxi-electrocoagulation, and peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation processes

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Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of photoelectrocoagulation, peroxi-electrocoagulation, and peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation for the removal of the antiviral drug lamivudine formulation from wastewater by a stainless-steel electrode. To investigate matrix effects for this oxidation process, the influence of substrates such as urea and simulated wastewater (SWW) was studied. Moreover, degradation kinetics and energy efficiency are also discussed. Results indicate that the removal efficiency was in the order of peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation > peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation (in the presence of urea) > peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation (in the presence of SWW) > peroxi-electrocoagulation > photoelectrocoagulation. In peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation, the 96% degradation of lamivudine formulation indicates a nearly complete degradation of lamivudine. In this process, the presence of urea and SWW resulted in a substantial reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) decay. Kinetic studies using linear pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics showed that the pseudo-first-order equation effectively described the removal of lamivudine formulation. The highest energy consumption per kgCOD decay (i.e., kWh kgCOD− 1) was obtained for the photoelectrocoagulation process, while the lowest energy consumption was obtained for peroxi-electrocoagulation, for all electrolysis times. The peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation process was shown to be an effective and energy-efficient technique for removing the antiviral drug lamivudine formulation from wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

The first author would like to thank NASCERE scholarship program and Jimma University for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Samuel Fekadu & Bart Van der Bruggen

  2. Jimma University, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Samuel Fekadu & Esayas Alemayehu

  3. Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa

    Bart Van der Bruggen

  4. Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Samuel Fekadu

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, KU Leuven, J. De Nayerlaan 5, 2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium

    Raf Dewil

  6. Africa Center of Excellence for Water Management, Addis Ababa University, Po Box-1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Esayas Alemayehu

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  1. Samuel Fekadu
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  2. Esayas Alemayehu
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Correspondence to Samuel Fekadu.

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Fekadu, S., Alemayehu, E., Dewil, R. et al. Electrochemical degradation of antivirus drug lamivudine formulation: photoelectrocoagulation, peroxi-electrocoagulation, and peroxi-photoelectrocoagulation processes. J Appl Electrochem 51, 607–618 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-020-01521-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-020-01521-1

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