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Fabrication and optimization of polypyrrole/cerium oxide/glassy carbon sensing platform for the electrochemical detection of flupirtine

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Abstract

In spite of single nanomaterials, nanocomposites have come to be the superior modifying materials for electrochemical sensing. Herein, the highly sophisticated and sensitive voltammetric sensor of polypyrrole/cerium oxide/glassy carbon electrode (Ppyr/CeO2/GCE) has been fabricated for the electrochemical analysis of flupirtine maleate (FPM). Prior to the fabrication, the synthetic Ppyr/CeO2 material and its constituents viz., Ppyr and CeO2 were spectrally characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM to confirm the successful synthesis. After the fabrication of the Ppyr/CeO2/GCE sensor, it together with its corresponding forms i.e., CeO2/GCE and Ppyr/GCE including bare GCE was characterized by voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode characteristics such as charge transfer resistance, heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rate constant, (\(k_{{{\text{eff}}}}^{0}\)) and surface area suggest that the designed electrochemical sensor has got the conductivity (sensitivity) par excellence as compared to CeO2/GCE, Ppyr/GCE and bare GCE. The fabricated probe after characterization was optimized for the detection of the FPM by voltammetry and found to show a direct correlation between the oxidation current and the FPM concentration varying from 100 ng mL−1 to 500 ng mL−1 having correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9940. By measuring the calibration curve, the fabricated Ppyr/CeO2/GCE sensor was found to reach the minimum limit of detection (LOD) i.e., 26.76 ng mL−1 and minimum limit of quantification (LOQ) i.e., 89.20 ng mL−1, for FPM, thereby showing the sensitivity par excellence in terms of conductivity.

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Fabrication of Ppyr/CeO2/GCE voltammetric sensor

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to the school of studies in chemistry Jiwaji University Gwalior to provide us all the essential services.

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  1. School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India

    Ab Lateef Khan & Rajeev Jain

  2. Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, MED-X Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China

    Ab Lateef Khan

  3. Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, T5B 4E4, Canada

    Dhanjai

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Khan, A.L., Dhanjai & Jain, R. Fabrication and optimization of polypyrrole/cerium oxide/glassy carbon sensing platform for the electrochemical detection of flupirtine. J Appl Electrochem 50, 655–672 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-020-01418-z

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