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Innovative Approaches to the Relationship Between Diet and Mandibular Morphology in Primates

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Abstract

Attempts to establish relationships between mandibular morphology and either traditional dietary categories or geometric and material properties of primate diets have not been particularly successful. Using our conceptual framework of the feeding factors impacting mandibular morphology, we argue that this is because dietary categories and food geometric and material properties affect mandibular morphology only through intervening variables that are currently poorly understood, i.e., feeding behavior, mandibular loading, and stress and strain regimes. Our studies of 3-dimensional jaw kinematics in macaques and capuchins show that, although jaw movement profiles during chewing are affected by food material properties and species-level effects, patterns of jaw movements in these two species are broadly similar. However, because mandibular loading, stress, and strain regimes are determined by interactions between feeding behavior (such as jaw kinematics) and mandibular morphology, it is difficult to say whether these similarities in chewing kinematics also mean similarities in loading, stress, and strain. Comparative analyses of the scaling of daily feeding time and chew cycle duration reveal only weak support for the hypothesis that larger primates chew more than smaller primates. Consideration of these results suggests that better data are needed on the relationship between dietary categories, food material and geometric properties, the amount of time/cycles associated with different feeding behaviors (ingestion, premolar biting, mastication), and mandible stress and strain patterns if we are to understand fully relationships between mandibular morphology and diet in primates.

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Acknowledgments

We thank David Reed, Kazutaka Takahashi, McKenna Konecki, and Maryam Saleh, who assisted with data collection. This work was funded by NSF Physical Anthropology (NSF BCS 0240865) (CFR, Co-PI), an NSF HOMINID grant (BCS 0725147) (CFR, Co-PI), and a grant from the Brain Research Foundation at the University of Chicago to C. F. Ross and Nicho Hatsopoulos. C. F. Ross thanks Erin Vogel and Janine Chalk for the invitation to participate in the workshop in Washington, DC, and Andrea Taylor and Peter Ungar for feedback on some of the ideas presented here. We thank Laura Porro for assistance with segmenting CT scans of primate mandibles.

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  1. Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Callum F. Ross & Jose Iriarte-Diaz

  2. Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Charles L. Nunn

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  1. Callum F. Ross
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Correspondence to Callum F. Ross.

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Ross, C.F., Iriarte-Diaz, J. & Nunn, C.L. Innovative Approaches to the Relationship Between Diet and Mandibular Morphology in Primates. Int J Primatol 33, 632–660 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-012-9599-y

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