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Propofol Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production Through Activation of Nrf2/GSH and Suppression of NADPH Oxidase in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells

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Abstract

Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in propofol protection in inflammatory conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cell line) were incubated with propofol (10, 25, and 50 μmol/L) for 1 h and then treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 24 h. Results indicated that propofol not only attenuated LPS-induced expression of iNOS, NOX, and COX2, but decreased the production of ROS, NO, and PGE2 as well. Propofol also increased the GSH levels and the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2. Notably, Nrf2 siRNA and the inhibitors of COX-2 and NOX attenuated the inhibition of propofol on ROS production. In conclusion, propofol reduced LPS-induced ROS production via inhibition of inflammatory factors and enhancement of Nrf2-related antioxidant defense, providing its cytoprotective evidence under inflammatory conditions.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by grants provided by Kaohsiung Medical University [grant number: M110022] and the National Science Council of Taiwan to Y.C.L. [grant number: NSC 102-2628-B-037-001-MY3].

Conflict of interest

None of the authors of this paper has a financial or personal relationship with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper. The authors report no potential conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan

    Hung-Te Hsu & Yi-Ching Lo

  2. Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan

    Yu-Ting Tseng & Yi-Ching Lo

  3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan

    Ya-Yun Hsu & Yi-Ching Lo

  4. Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan

    Hung-Te Hsu & Kuang-I Cheng

  5. Division of Chest Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan

    Shah-Hwa Chou

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  1. Hung-Te Hsu
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Correspondence to Yi-Ching Lo.

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Hsu, HT., Tseng, YT., Hsu, YY. et al. Propofol Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production Through Activation of Nrf2/GSH and Suppression of NADPH Oxidase in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 38, 415–423 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-0046-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-014-0046-4

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