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Element-specific downward fluxes impact the metabolism and vegetation of kettle holes

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Abstract

Given that water-filled kettle holes are mostly undergo a wet–dry cycle, and are directly fuelled by terrigenous material, it was hypothesized that the downward flux of matter, including P and its binding partners, varies between and within kettle holes, and is closely coupled to the prevalent water regime. Sedimentation was studied in two kettle holes close to Rittgarten (RG) and Kraatz (KR), Uckermark, NE Germany. Pairs of cylindrical traps at three sites in each kettle hole were sampled biweekly (June 2013–July 2014). Mean fluxes decreased with decreasing water level. KR was Fe-dominated binding P, and had submersed macrophytes. RG was Ca dominated and had low Fe concentrations suggesting that both apatite and oxidized Fe compounds equilibrated P release, with finally a surplus in P. Thus, RG was covered by duck weed. The higher C flux fuelled the sulphate reduction at higher rates than in KR, as also favoured by oxygen deficits due to duck weed coverage. Thus, internal eutrophication, i.e. where sulphate reduction and Fe sulphide formation lead to a lower Fe availability for P binding, is an issue for kettle holes increasingly degrading their ecosystem services.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to all persons who have contributed to this study. Bernd Schwien built the sediment traps. Dorith Henning, Roswitha Schulz and Joachim Bartelt (†) regularly sampled the kettle holes. Rita Schwarz (†), Melitta Engel and Kristina Holz conducted most of the laboratory analysis. Sabine Fritsche and Ralph Tauschke provided the kettle hole morphometry. Gunnar Lischeid financially supported the study by institutional means (Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ZALF). The present study was associated with the project LandScale (Connecting Processes and Structures Deriving the Landscape Carbon Dynamics over Scales by Arthur Gessler and Katrin Premke, ZALF). Climate data were drawn from the Climate Data Center (http://www.dwd.de, Deutscher Wetterdienst Germany). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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  1. Andreas Kleeberg

    Present address: Department Geology, Soil and Waste, State Laboratory Berlin-Brandenburg, Stahnsdorfer Damm 77, 14532, Kleinmachnow, Germany

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  1. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Landscape Hydrology, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany

    Andreas Kleeberg, Marielle Neyen & Thomas Kalettka

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Correspondence to Andreas Kleeberg.

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Kleeberg, A., Neyen, M. & Kalettka, T. Element-specific downward fluxes impact the metabolism and vegetation of kettle holes. Hydrobiologia 766, 261–274 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2460-5

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