Abstract
The Slovenian False Ringlet Coenonympha oedippus populations are under serious threat, as in the last two decades have witnessed a sharp decline in population distribution and size due to destruction, fragmentation and/or habitat quality degradation through intensive agriculture, abandonment of use and urbanization. We investigated the genetic diversity and structure of C. oedippus from the entire range of the species in Slovenia. Our results showed that the genetic variation in the Slovenian C. oedippus populations agrees with the geographical structure and the ecotypes previously determined by morphological and ecological data. We confirmed the existence of four genetically divergent and spatially non-overlapping geographical groups (Istria, Karst, Gorica, Ljubljansko barje) and two ecotypes ("wet" and "dry"). Despite small sample sizes due to critically threatened species, the results indicated significant nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity within the spatial groups. By gaining new insights into the evolutionary history of the C. oedippus population, we have recommended to consider the Slovenian population as one Evolutionary Significant Unit, and four spatial populations as Management Units for conservation purposes.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Gabriel Neve, who provided us with 10 samples of C. oedippus from France, which were included in analyses and Tjaša Lokovšek (ZRC SAZU) which tested PCR protocols on first extracted C. oedippus DNA samples and encourage us to conduct further research. This work was supported by the: i) World federation of scientists (National scholarship 2016), French government scholarship programme 2016; ii) Slovenian Research Agency (programme group P1–0386); iii) postdoctoral project UP-1142-59/2012 led by JJ, iv) the STARBIOS2 European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (No. 709517); v) the RESBIOS European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (No. 872146); and vi) COST action G-Bike Genomic Biodiversity Knowledge for Resilient Ecosystems.
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Zupan, S., Jugovic, J., Čelik, T. et al. Population genetic structure of the highly endangered butterfly Coenonympha oedippus (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) at its southern edge of distribution. Genetica 149, 21–36 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-020-00108-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-020-00108-0