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Dietary selenium promotes the growth performance through growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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Abstract

Selenium (Se), an essential component of deiodinases (DIOs), regulates the contents of thyroid hormones and thus improves animal growth. To explore the influences of selenium supplementation on fish growth metabolism, a total of 270 healthy grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into three groups and feed three graded dietary selenium (0.141, 0.562, and 1.044 mg Se/kg) levels. The results showed that after 60-day feeding, dietary selenium improved the final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of grass carp. The hepatic DIO activities in selenium-supplemented groups were higher than those in control group. A significant increase in triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was accompanied by a decrease in the contents of thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4) in selenium-supplemented groups. The histopathological observation of thyroid suggested that selenium deficiency resulted in hypertrophy of follicular epithelial cells. Moreover, the gene relative expression levels of dio1, dio2, and dio3 showed an increasing trend with the rising concentration of dietary selenium. The transcription levels of HPT axis-related genes (crh, tsh-β, ttr, tr-s, tpo, nis) and GH/IGF1-related genes (gh, ghr, igf1, igf1r) were significantly upregulated in selenium-supplemented groups. No significant differences in the above indicators were observed between 0.562 and 1.044 mg Se/kg diet group except T3 content and dio1 relative expression ratio. These results indicate that dietary selenium supplementation improves the hepatic DIO activities and thyroid hormone metabolism and regulates the transcription levels of HPT and GH/IGF axis-related genes, which may be responsible for the growth promotion in grass carp.

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The datasets generated during the analysis in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFD0900301), the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-45-24), and the National Natural Science Foundation (No.31502140).

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  1. College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Pin Ma, Zhenyi Hu, Li Li, Dapeng Li & Rong Tang

  2. Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Li Li, Dapeng Li & Rong Tang

  3. Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Li Li, Dapeng Li & Rong Tang

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  1. Pin Ma
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PinMa, Zhenyi Hu, and RongTang: concept and design of the experiments and wrote the manuscript. LiLi and Dapeng Li: edited the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Ma, P., Hu, Z., Li, L. et al. Dietary selenium promotes the growth performance through growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish Physiol Biochem 47, 1313–1327 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-021-00974-1

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