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Alteration in certain enzymological parameters of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to short- and long-term exposure of clofibric acid and diclofenac

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Abstract

The extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine may enter the aquatic environment and pose a serious threat to non-target aquatic organisms like fish. In this study, Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala was exposed to different concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg L−l) of most commonly used pharmaceutical drugs clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF) to evaluate its impacts on certain enzymological parameters during short- and long-term exposures. During short-term (96 h) exposure period, plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity were significantly altered at all concentrations of both the CA- and DCF-treated fish. In long-term exposure (35 days), gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity was found to be significantly increased at all concentration of CA and DCF exposures throughout the study period (except at the end of 7th day in 10 and 100 µg L-1) . However, a biphasic trend was observed in plasma GOT and GPT activity when compared to the control groups. In both short- and long-term exposure, a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) changes were observed in all enzymological parameters of fish C. mrigala exposed to different concentrations of CA and DCF. The alterations of these enzymological parameters can be effectively used as potential biomarkers in monitoring of pharmaceutical toxicity in aquatic environment and organisms.

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Acknowledgments

The author (Manoharan Saravanan) would like to thank and acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, Government of India, for providing financial support in the form Senior Research Fellowship for this study (Fellowship award letter no: 09/472(0141)/2009-EMR-I, dated: 01.05.2009).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Manoharan Saravanan & Mathan Ramesh

  2. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand

    Rakpong Petkam

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  1. Manoharan Saravanan
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  2. Mathan Ramesh
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  3. Rakpong Petkam
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Correspondence to Mathan Ramesh.

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Saravanan, M., Ramesh, M. & Petkam, R. Alteration in certain enzymological parameters of an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to short- and long-term exposure of clofibric acid and diclofenac. Fish Physiol Biochem 39, 1431–1440 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-013-9797-3

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