Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chromium picolinate supplement on growth and haematology parameters of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Six diets with increasing dietary chromium picolinate levels 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 mg kg−1 were fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial weight of 12.78 ± 1.16 g, mean ± SD) in a flow water system for 10 weeks. Fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 had significantly improved weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein retention (PR). Fish fed high-chromium diets exhibited lower whole-body crude lipid contents than fish fed low-chromium diets. Liver glycogen concentrations for fish fed the diet with 0.2 mg Cr kg−1 was the highest (77.67 mg g−1). Fish fed the diet supplemented with 1.6 and 3.2 mg Cr kg−1 had significantly lower liver glycogen concentrations than other groups (P < 0.05). The highest serum insulin concentrations were observed in fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg−1, but serum insulin concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) when dietary supplementation of chromium was higher than 0.8 mg Cr kg−1. Cholesterol concentrations decreased in direct proportion to dietary chromium level and achieved the lowest level when the fish were fed the 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 diet, but increased when the fish were fed the diet with more than 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 (P < 0.05). Fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.8 mg Cr kg−1 had higher triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations compared to other treatments. The results of the present study suggested that chromium picolinate could modify serum carbohydrate and lipid metabolism profile, and that the optimal dietary chromium level was 0.8 mg kg−1 for grass carp according to growth.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson R, Mertz AW (1997) Glucose tolerance factor: an essential dietary agent. Trends Biochem Sci 2:277–284. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(77)90280-8
Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, Canary JJ (1991) Supplemental-chromium effects on glucose, insulin, glucagon and uninary chromium losses in subjects consuming controlled low-chromium diets. Am J Clin Nutr 54:909–916
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (1984) In: Horwitz W (ed) Official methods of analysis, 14th edn. AOC, Washington, DC, pp 152–160
Doisy RJ, Streeten DHP, Frieberg JM, Schneider AJ (1976) Chromium metabolism in man and biochemical effects. In: Prasad AS (ed) Trace elements in human health and disease, vol 2. Academic, New York, pp 97–104
Duguay SJ, Mommsen TP (1994) Fish physiology, Vol. XIII. Molecular endocrinology of fish. In: Sherwood NM, Hew CL (eds) Molecular aspects of pancreatic peptides. Academic, San Diego, CA, pp 225–271
Gang X, Zirong X, Si HW (2001) Effects of chromium picolinate on growth performance, carcass charcteristies, serum metabolites and metabolism of lipid in pigs. Asian Aust J Anim 14:258 (Abstract)
Gatta PP, Piva A, Paolini M, Testi S, Bonaldo A, Antelli A, Mordenti A (2001) Effects of dietary organic chromium on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) performances and liver microsomal metabolism. Aquacult Res 32:60–69. doi:10.1046/j.1355-557x.2001.00005.x
Gray WE, Bowman TD (1992) Chromium picolinate increase membrane fluidity and rate of insulin internalization. J Inorg Biochem 46:243–250. doi:10.1016/0162-0134(92)80034-S
Hertz Y, Mader Z, Hepher B, Gertler A (1989) Glucose metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): the effects of cobalt and chromium. Aquaculture 76:255–267. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90079-3
Jain KK, Sinha A, Srivastava PP, Berendra DK (1994) Chromium: an efficient growth enhancer in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. J Aquac Trop 9:49–54
Jain SK, Rains JL, Croad JL (2007) Effect of chromium niacinate and chromium picolinate supplementation on lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in blood of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Free Radic Biol Med 43:1121–1123. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.019
Jobling M (1994) Biotic factors and growth performance. In: Jobling M (ed) Fish bioenergetics. Chapman Hall, London, pp 169–206
Kegley EB, Spears JW (1995) Immune response, glucose metabolism, and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium. J Anim Sci 73:2721–2726
Kim YH, Han IK, Choi YJ, Shin IS, Chae BJ, Kang TH (1996) Effects of dietary levels of chromium picolinate on growth performance, carcass quality and serum traits in broiler chicks. Asian Aust J Anim 9:341–347
Kornegay ET (1996) Organic vs inorganic trace minerals for swine: copper, zinc, and chromium. Proceedings of the Canadian feed industry association eastern nutrition conference. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, pp 65–83
Kucukbay FZ, Yazlak H, Sahin N, Cakmak MN (2006) Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on serum glucose, cholesterol and minerals of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquacult Int 14:259–266. doi:10.1007/s10499-005-9030-1
Levine RA, Streeten DH, Doisy RJ (1968) Effects of oral chromium supplementation on the glucose tolerance of elderly human subjects. Metabolism 17:114–125. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(68)90137-6
Lien TF, Horng YM, Yang KH (1999) Performance, serum characteristics, carcase traits and lipid metabolism of broilers as affected by supplement of chromium picolinate. Br Poult Sci 40:357–363. doi:10.1080/00071669987458
Lin YH, Liu JM, Fu HG, Liang ZL, Zhao SM, Ma JJ (2003) Effect of chromium on growth and plasma biochemical indexes of Cyprinus carpio juveniles. J Dalian Fish Univ 18:48–51 (Abstract)
Linder MC (1991) Nutrition and metabolism of the trace elements. In: Linder MC (ed) Nutritional biochemistry and metabolism with clinical applications. Elsevier, New York, pp 215–276
Mertz W (1969) Chromium occurrence and function in biological systems. Physiol Rev 49:163–239
Mertz W (1993) Chromium in human nutrition: a review. J Nutr 123:626–633
Morris B, Gray T, MacNeil S (1995) Evidence for chromium acting as an essential trace element in insulindependent glucose uptake in cultured mouse myotubes. J Endocrinol 144:135–141. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1440135
Mossop RT (1983) Effects of chromium I11 on fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and cholesterol HDL in diabetics. Cent Afr J Med 29:80
Mowat DN (1994) Organic chromium, a new supplemental nutrient for stressed animals. In: Lyons TP, Jacques KA (eds) Biotechnology in the feed industry. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, pp 275–282
Murat JC, Serfaty A (1974) Simple determination of polysaccharide (glycogen) content of animal tissues. Clin Chem 20:1576–1577
NRC (1989) Recommended dietary allowances. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
NRC (1997) The role of chromium in animal nutrition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
Olin KL, Starnes DM, Amstrong WH, Kearn CL (1994) Comparative retention/absorption of 51Cr from 51Cr chloride, 51Cr nicotinate, and 51Cr picolinate in a rat model. Trace Elem Electrol 11:182
Page TG, Southern LL, Ward TL, Thompson DL Jr (1993) Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and serum and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 71:656–662
Pan Q, Bi YZ, Yan XL, Pu YY, Zheng C (2002) Effect of organic chromium on carbohydrate utilization in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Acta Hydrobiol Sin 26(4):393–399 (Abstract)
Pan Q, Liu S, Tan YG, Bi YZ (2003) The effect of chromium picolinate on growth and carbohydrate utilization in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aureus. Aquaculture 225:421–429. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00306-5
Riales R, Albrink MJ (1981) Effect of chromium chloride supplementation on glucose tolerance and serum lipids including high-density lipoprotein of adult men. Am J Clin Nutr 34:2670
Rosebrough W, Steele NC (1981) Effect of supplemental dietary chromium or nicotic acid on carbonhydrate metabolism during basal, starvation and refeeding periods in poults. Poult Sci 60:407–411
Sahin K, Cerci IH, Guler T, Sahin N, Erkal N (1997) Effect of chromium added basal diet on serum glucose, insulin, cortisol, alkaline phosphatase and feedlot performance in rabbits. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 21:147–152
Sahin K, Kucuk O, Sahin N (2001a) Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on performance and plasma concentrations of insulin and corticosterone in laying hens under low ambient temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 85:142–147. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0396.2001.00314.x
Sahin K, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Ozbey O (2001b) Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on egg production, egg quality and serum concentrations of insulin, corticosterone, and some metabolites of Japanese quails. Nutr Res 21:1315–1321. doi:10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00330-X
Saiady MY, Shaikh MA, Mufarrej SI, Showeimi TA, Mogawer HH, Dirrar A (2004) Effect of chelated chromium supplementation on lactation performance and blood parameters of Holstein cows under heat stress. Anim Feed Sci Technol 117:223–233. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.07.008
Shiau SY, Chen MJ (1993) Carbohydrate utilization by tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) was influenced by different chromium sources. J Nutr 123:1747–1753
Shiau SY, Liang HS (1995) Carbohydrate utilization and digestibility by tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus, are affected by chromic oxide inclusion in the diet. J Nutr 125:976–982
Shiau SY, Lin SF (1993) Effect of supplemental dietary chromium and vanadium on the utilization of different carbohydrates in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Aquaculture 110:321–330. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90379-D
Shiau SY, Shy SM (1998) Dietary chromic oxide inclusion level required to maximize glucose utilization in hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus. Aquaculture 161:357–364. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00283-4
Steele NC, Rosebrough RW (1979) Trivalent chromium and nicotinic acid supplementation for the turkey poult. Poult Sci 58:983
Steele NC, Rosebrough RW (1981) Effect of trivalent chromium on hepatic lipogenesis by the turkey poult. Poult Sci 60:617–622
Tacon AGJ, Beveridge MM (1982) Effects of dietary trivalent chromium on rainbow trout. Nutr Rep Int 25:49–56
Underwood EJ (1977) Chromium. In: Underwood EJ (ed) Trace elements in human and animal nutrition, 4th edn. Academic, New York, pp 258–270
Urbanczyk J, Hanczakowska E, Swiatkiewicz M (1999) Betaine and organic chromium as the feed additives in pig nutrition. Anim Sci 38:593–598
Wang MQ, Xu ZR, Zha LY, Lindemann MD (2007) Effects of chromium nanocomposite supplementation on blood metabolites, endocrine parameters and immune traits in finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 139:69–80. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.12.004
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the 11th 5-year Plan Period, China (grant no. 2006BAD03B03). The authors are grateful to Professor Z.L. Wang for her kind comments on the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, T., Wen, H., Jiang, M. et al. Effect of dietary chromium picolinate on growth performance and blood parameters in grass carp fingerling, Ctenopharyngodon idellus . Fish Physiol Biochem 36, 565–572 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-009-9327-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-009-9327-5