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Genotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysozyme induction in Clarias gariepinus chronically exposed to water-soluble fraction of burnt tire ash

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Abstract

The safety of aquatic ecosystems has been compromised by numerous anthropogenic activities, especially leachates from non-point source toxicants, leaching into aquatic systems. This study evaluated the toxicity of the water-soluble fractions (WSFs) of burnt tire ash (BTA) on Clarias gariepinus via a battery of integrated biomarkers. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to sublethal (0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 g/L) concentrations of BTA, derived from 11.2 g/L median lethal concentration (96 LC50), at duration intervals of 1, 14, and 28 days, followed by a recovery trial that lasted for 14 days. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities of the gill and liver, lysozymes activity and erythron profile were assessed. The findings of the present study revealed that BTA-WSF induced prominent alterations on biochemical parameters, lysozymes activity and antioxidant enzymes activities in the exposed fish. Furthermore, toxicant exposure promoted oxidative stress, cellular damage and genotoxicity (erythrocytic nuclear and cellular abnormalities) in the exposed fish. In general, a post-exposure trial showed partial recovery from the exposure effects of the toxicant, following the evident modifications of serum enzymes and erythron pathopathology in the experimental model. Biomonitoring of BTA, using sentinel aquatic species such as C. gariepinus, provides insights into the ecotoxicological potency of this toxicant.

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Data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Oluchi Iheanacho for assisting during the experimental layout and data collection. We also appreciate Victoria David of University of Bradford UK, for proof reading the manuscript and editing grammar-cum-language logic.

Author contributions

Conceptualization: SCI, JO; methodology: SCI, JO, AIA, JE; formal analysis and investigation: SCI, JO, JE, AIA, RN, ACI; writing (original draft): SCI, ACI, JE; writing (review and editing): SCI, JO, AIA, RN, ACI, PO, JE, AA-E; funding acquisition: SCI, JO, AIA, RN, ACI, PO, JE, AA-E; resource: SCI, JO, AIA, RN, ACI, PO, JE, AA-E; supervision: SCI, JO, JE, AIA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria

    Stanley C. Iheanacho, Joshua Ekpenyong & Johnny Ogunji

  2. Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria

    Stanley C. Iheanacho

  3. Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria

    Adewale I. Adeolu & Roseline Nwose

  4. Department of Political Science, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ebonyi, Nigeria

    Peter Offu

  5. Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo, Nigeria

    Akunna Amadi-Eke

  6. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria

    Angus C. Iheanacho

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  1. Stanley C. Iheanacho
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  2. Adewale I. Adeolu
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  3. Roseline Nwose
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  7. Angus C. Iheanacho
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Correspondence to Stanley C. Iheanacho.

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Iheanacho, S.C., Adeolu, A.I., Nwose, R. et al. Genotoxicity, oxidative stress and lysozyme induction in Clarias gariepinus chronically exposed to water-soluble fraction of burnt tire ash. Ecotoxicology 30, 1983–1996 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-021-02474-7

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