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Distress Intolerance Prospectively Predicts Traumatic Intrusions Following an Experimental Trauma in a Non-clinical Sample

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Abstract

Background

Distress intolerance (DI) is a well-established cognitive-affective factor that reflects the inability to tolerate negative emotional experiences. DI has been consistently linked with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but no research to date has demonstrated whether DI confers pre-existing risk for PTSD-like symptoms following an analogue trauma.

Methods

Participants (n = 70) were recruited based on either a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or elevations on a related emotional vulnerability. After completing self-report measures, participants watched a film depicting life-threatening car accidents and then monitored the occurrence of intrusions. Ambulatory assessments of film-related traumatic intrusions were then reported 3x/day for 7 days.

Results

As hypothesized, greater DI predicted a poorer ability to volitionally suppress intrusions during the lab-based monitoring period. DI also predicted greater naturalistic intrusions on average throughout the subsequent week, and this difference was largest at the beginning of the follow-up period. Unexpectedly, DI did not predict the trajectory (i.e., slope) of naturalistic intrusions during the follow-up period. TBI status was also not related to intrusions during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

These findings provide critical support for DI as a pre-existing risk factor for the development of intrusive thoughts following an analogue trauma. Future research should seek to extend these findings to a clinical sample.

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Notes

  1. Two individuals reported moderate or severe TBIs. All results were consistent both with and without these participants included. Therefore, these participants were retained in all analyses.

  2. One subject did not complete the MDES. All analyses were conducted both with and without this subject and the pattern of results remained the same. Therefore, this subject was retained in all other analyses.

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Acknowledgements

All data were collected and analyzed at the Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL.

Funding

This work was also in part supported by the National Institute of Health Integrated Clinical Neuroscience Training for Translational Research (Grant No. 4T32MH093311-05). Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the National Institute of Health.

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  1. Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA

    Brian J. Albanese, Thomas J. Preston & Richard J. Macatee

  2. Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA

    Carter Bedford & Norman B. Schmidt

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Albanese, B.J., Preston, T.J., Bedford, C. et al. Distress Intolerance Prospectively Predicts Traumatic Intrusions Following an Experimental Trauma in a Non-clinical Sample. Cogn Ther Res 45, 1202–1212 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10228-2

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