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Adhesion molecules and chemokines: the navigation system for circulating tumor (stem) cells to metastasize in an organ-specific manner

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Abstract

To date, cancer is still the second most prevalent cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in the industrialized word, whereby the primary cause of cancer is not attributed to primary tumor formation, but rather to the growth of metastases at distant organ sites. For several years it was considered that the well-known phenomenon of organ-specific spreading of tumor cells is mostly a mechanical process either directed passively due to size constraints (mechanical trapping theory) or due to a fertile environment provided by the organ in which tumor cells can proliferate (seed and soil hypothesis). Both mechanisms strongly depend on the adhesive properties of tumor cells either to endothelial cells and/or cancer cells, which are facilitated by a variety of cell adhesion molecules including carbohydrates and integrins. Within the past years it became evident that the organ-specific metastatic spreading of tumor cells does not only rely on heterotypic and homotypic adhesive interactions, but also on the interplay of chemokines and their appropriate receptors. Moreover, the identification of cancer stem cells in various tumor tissues has opened new questions. Cancer stem cells possess self-renewal, differentiation, and tumor-initiating capacities. Thus these cells are ideal candidates to be the seed of a secondary tumor. In the present review we will give a brief overview about the complex process of organ-specific metastasis formation depending on the interplay of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and the putative role of cancer stem cells in metastasis formation.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Westermann-Westdorp-Foundation, Essen, Germany, and the Fritz-Bender-Foundation, Munich, Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448, Witten, Germany

    Thomas Dittmar & Kurt S. Zänker

  2. Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Federal Hospital Salzburg, St. Johanns-Spital, Müllner Hauptstr. 48, Salzburg, 5020, Austria

    Christoph Heyder

  3. Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Eva Gloria-Maercker

  4. Department of Gynecology, Witten/Herdecke University, Marien Hospital, Marienplatz 2, 58452, Witten, Germany

    Wolfgang Hatzmann

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  1. Thomas Dittmar
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Dittmar, T., Heyder, C., Gloria-Maercker, E. et al. Adhesion molecules and chemokines: the navigation system for circulating tumor (stem) cells to metastasize in an organ-specific manner. Clin Exp Metastasis 25, 11–32 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-007-9095-5

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  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-007-9095-5

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