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Microwave-assisted facile synthesis of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads with high adsorption capacity for organic dyes

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Abstract

A facile, green and efficient microwave-assisted method was developed to oxidize cellulose hydrogel beads with neutral 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated system. Resulting cellulose beads were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, solid-state 13C-NMR spectra, and X-ray diffraction. The patterns of 13C-NMR spectra indicated that the oxidation occurred only at C6 primary hydroxyl carbon, and the carboxyl groups amounted to 1.28 mmol/g in the cellulose beads. The TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads showed highly porous structures consisting of nano-sized fibrils with retention of original spherical shapes, and the crystallinity index of the cellulose II almost unchanged after oxidation. The maximum adsorption capacity of rhodamine B, auramine O, malachite green and methylene blue on the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads was found to be 609, 537, 740 and 873 mg/g, respectively, and the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. In addition, desorption tests showed that TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads could be regenerated by acid treatment and used repeatedly. Thus, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads prepared by microwave irradiation can be potentially used for the removal of organic dyes from industrial wastewater.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the generous financial support of the State Forestry Administration 948 project (No. 2014-4-30), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21402027, 31370560), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No. 2015J05046), open fund of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products (No. GXFC 14-03) and Chemicals and Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (No. xjq201503).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Minhou, 350108, Fujian, China

    Fengcai Lin, Yuzhe You, Xuan Yang, Xin Jiang, Qilin Lu, Biao Huang & Beili Lu

  2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning, 530006, Guangxi, China

    Ting Wang

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  1. Fengcai Lin
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  2. Yuzhe You
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  4. Xin Jiang
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  5. Qilin Lu
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  6. Ting Wang
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  7. Biao Huang
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  8. Beili Lu
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Correspondence to Biao Huang or Beili Lu.

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Lin, F., You, Y., Yang, X. et al. Microwave-assisted facile synthesis of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads with high adsorption capacity for organic dyes. Cellulose 24, 5025–5040 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1473-9

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