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Nanofibrillated cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose composite with improved wet strength

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Abstract

In this paper, nanofibrillated cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite films were prepared using tape casting. The obtained transparent films showed shear induced partial alignment of fibrils along the casting direction, resulting in birefringence in cross polarized light. The carboxyl groups of CMC could be further utilized to create ionic crosslinking by treatment with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMA). The GTMA treated composite films had improved mechanical properties both in wet and dry state. The chemical composition and morphologies of composites were analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been funded by the Graduate School for Biomass Refining (Academy of Finland) and the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (project “Tailoring of nanocellulose structures for industrial applications” NASEVA 2). We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Joseph Campbell for his contribution to the XPS measurements. UPM-Kymmene Corporation is acknowledged for supplying the UPM Fibril Cellulose raw material. This work made use of Aalto University Nanomicroscopy Center (Aalto-NMC) facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Polymer Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland

    Nikolaos Pahimanolis, Arto Salminen & Jukka Seppälä

  2. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Paavo A. Penttilä & Ritva Serimaa

  3. Molecular Materials, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland

    Juuso T. Korhonen & Janne Ruokolainen

  4. Department of Forest Products Technology, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland

    Leena-Sisko Johansson

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  1. Nikolaos Pahimanolis
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Correspondence to Jukka Seppälä.

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Pahimanolis, N., Salminen, A., Penttilä, P.A. et al. Nanofibrillated cellulose/carboxymethyl cellulose composite with improved wet strength. Cellulose 20, 1459–1468 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9923-5

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