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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Metal Oxides on the Catalytic Activities of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide for the Esterification of Oleic Acid and Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel

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This article was retracted on 23 June 2021

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Abstract

Nanocomposites of metal oxides with graphene oxide and other carbon materials have shown superior catalytic activities in many important chemical reactions. A systematic investigation of the effect of oxides of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, on the catalytic activities of sulfonated graphene oxides (GO) is detailed in the present paper. The nanocomposites of GO with the metal oxides were prepared under carefully chosen conditions so that the metal content in the nanocomposites remains similar. The nanocomposites were sulfonated and used as solid acid catalysts in the esterification of oleic acid and trans-esterification of waste cooking oil. Paramagnetic transition metal oxides showed superior catalytic activities over non-magnetic ones with the nanocomposite containing iron oxide being the most active. The so called ‘super acidic’ acid sites on the paramagnetic metal oxides could be the reason for enhanced catalytic activities of their nanocomposites.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to IIT Mandi, and AMRC for providing the necessary facilities and the financial support to carry out the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SHUATS, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Reena D. Souza & Amit Chattree

  2. School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India

    Reena D. Souza, Tripti Vats & Prem Felix Siril

Authors
  1. Reena D. Souza
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  2. Tripti Vats
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  3. Amit Chattree
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  4. Prem Felix Siril
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prem Felix Siril.

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Souza, R.D., Vats, T., Chattree, A. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effect of Metal Oxides on the Catalytic Activities of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide for the Esterification of Oleic Acid and Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel. Catal Lett 148, 2848–2855 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-018-2472-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-018-2472-7

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