Abstract
Tree plantations for commercial use have been replacing native ecosystems all over the world. We investigated how forest conversion to plantations of exotic and native tree species may influence lichen diversity and composition in a southern Brazilian landscape. The lichen community from the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula was studied using three stands of each of the four vegetation types: native Araucaria forest and plantations of Araucaria, Pine and Eucalyptus trees. All plantation stands were surrounded by native Araucaria forest, were of smaller size and were allowed to endure longer than commercially managed plantations. Lichen species and their cover abundance were recorded on tree trunks from 30 to 150 cm above soil level in ten host-trees that were randomly selected in each replication. Seventy-eight lichen species, from 18 genera and 9 families, were registered. Conversion of native forest to plantations of exotic tree species altered species composition by reducing the occurrence of shade tolerant lichens. Plantations of Araucaria angustifolia sustained the highest lichen diversity measured, because this is an excellent host species. These results suggest that a greater diversity of lichens can be preserved in the landscape, if plantations of the exotic Pinus and Eucalyptus genera are replaced by plantations of this native species.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Leomar Paese for helping with the field work, the Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula (IBAMA) for providing the study area and the Museu de Historia Natural da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul for providing structure for the laboratorial analysis. We thank Edward G.F. Benya for kindly revising the English. Gislene Ganade was funded by CNPq with a PQ grant. This work was supported by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) and the Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, Brazil.
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Käffer, M.I., Ganade, G. & Marcelli, M.P. Lichen diversity and composition in Araucaria forests and tree monocultures in southern Brazil. Biodivers Conserv 18, 3543–3561 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9659-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-009-9659-6