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Modeling Plaque Fissuring and Dissection during Balloon Angioplasty Intervention

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Abstract

Balloon angioplasty intervention is traumatic to arterial tissue. Fracture mechanisms such as plaque fissuring and/or dissection occur and constitute major contributions to the lumen enlargement. However, these types of mechanically-based traumatization of arterial tissue are also contributing factors to both acute procedural complications and chronic restenosis of the treatment site. We propose physical and finite element models, which are generally useable to trace fissuring and/or dissection in atherosclerotic plaques during balloon angioplasty interventions. The arterial wall is described as an anisotropic, heterogeneous, highly deformable, nearly incompressible body, whereas tissue failure is captured by a strong discontinuity kinematics and a novel cohesive zone model. The numerical implementation is based on the partition of unity finite element method and the interface element method. The later is used to link together meshes of the different tissue components. The balloon angioplasty-based failure mechanisms are numerically studied in 3D by means of an atherosclerotic-prone human external iliac artery, with a type V lesion. Image-based 3D geometry is generated and tissue-specific material properties are considered. Numerical results show that in a primary phase the plaque fissures at both shoulders of the fibrous cap and stops at the lamina elastica interna. In a secondary phase, local dissections between the intima and the media develop at the fibrous cap location with the smallest thickness. The predicted results indicate that plaque fissuring and dissection cause localized mechanical trauma, but prevent the main portion of the stenosis from high stress, and hence from continuous tissue damage.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Martin Auer and Dimitrios E. Kiousis for their helpful support to generate the finite element grids. Financial support for this research was partly provided by the Austrian Science Foundation under START-Award Y74-TEC. This support is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Solid Mechanics, School of Engineering Sciences, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Osquars Backe 1, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

    T. Christian Gasser & Gerhard A. Holzapfel

  2. Institute for Biomechanics, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Gerhard A. Holzapfel

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  1. T. Christian Gasser
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Gasser, T.C., Holzapfel, G.A. Modeling Plaque Fissuring and Dissection during Balloon Angioplasty Intervention. Ann Biomed Eng 35, 711–723 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-007-9258-1

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