Abstract
Global energy demand and pollution are calling for advanced materials such as visible light semiconductor photocatalysts. In particular, cadmium sulfide (CdS) appears promising due to its tunable bandgap, high absorption of visible light and excellent optical properties. Here we review the photocatalytic mechanism, properties, synthesis and application to wastewater treatment of CdS photocatalysts. Strategies to improve photocatalytic performance include heteroatom doping, heterojunction formation, morphology and crystallinity modification, hybridization with co-catalysts and the use of carbon materials.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adegoke KA, Iqbal M, Louis H, Bello OS (2019) Synthesis, characterization and application of CdS/ZnO nanorod heterostructure for the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye. Mater Sci Energy Technol 2:329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.02.008
Alomar M, Liu Y, Chen W, Fida H (2019) Controlling the growth of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets/CdS nanoparticles by two-step solvothermal synthesis for enhancing photocatalytic activities under visible light. Appl Surf Sci 480:1078–1088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.014
Antolini F, Pentimalli M, Di Luccio T, Terzi R, Schioppa M, Re M, Mirenghi L, Tapfer L (2005) Structural characterization of CdS nanoparticles grown in polystyrene matrix by thermolytic synthesis. Mater Lett 59:3181–3187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.05.047
Azimi S, Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh A (2015) Enhanced activity of clinoptilolite-supported hybridized PbS–CdS semiconductors for the photocatalytic degradation of a mixture of tetracycline and cephalexin aqueous solution. J Mol Catal A Chem 408:152–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.07.017
Balaji R, Kumar S, Reddy KL, Sharma V, Bhattacharyya K, Krishnan V (2017) Near-infrared driven photocatalytic performance of lanthanide-doped NaYF4@CdS core-shell nanostructures with enhanced upconversion properties. J Alloys Compd 724:481–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.050
Bao N, Shen L, Takata T, Domen K (2008) Self-templated synthesis of nanoporous CdS nanostructures for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light. Chem Mater 20:110–117. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm7029344
Bao T, Song L, Zhang S (2018) F-doped Ag/AgBr with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity and mechanism. Appl Organomet Chem 32:e4349. https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.4349
Bebie J, Schoonen MAA, Fuhrmann M, Strongin DR (1998) Surface charge development on transition metal sulfides: an electrokinetic study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:633–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00058-1
Benco ĽR, Barras J-L, Atanasov M, Daul C, Deiss E (1999) First principles calculation of electrode material for lithium intercalation batteries: TiS2 and LiTi2S4 cubic spinel structures. J Solid State Chem 145:503–510. https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1999.8195
Cai Q, Hu Z, Zhang Q, Li B, Shen Z (2017) Fullerene (C60)/CdS nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability. Appl Surf Sci 403:151–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.135
Cao J, Sun J-Z, Li H-Y, Hong J, Wang M (2004) A facile room-temperature chemical reduction method to TiO2@CdS core/sheath heterostructure nanowires. J Mater Chem 14:1203–1206. https://doi.org/10.1039/B313541A
Cao S, Jiao Z, Chen H, Jiang F, Wang X (2018) Carboxylic acid-functionalized cadmium sulfide/graphitic carbon nitride composite photocatalyst with well-combined interface for sulfamethazine degradation. J Photochem Photobiol A 364:22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.05.030
Chandrasekaran S, Yao L, Deng L, Bowen C, Zhang Y, Chen S, Lin Z, Peng F, Zhang P (2019) Recent advances in metal sulfides: from controlled fabrication to electrocatalytic, photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 48:4178–4280. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00664D
Chen X, Mao SS (2007) Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications. Chem Rev 107:2891–2959. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0500535
Chen G, Xu C, Song X, Xu S, Ding Y, Sun S (2008) Template-free synthesis of single-crystalline-like CeO2 Hollow nanocubes. Cryst Growth Des 8:4449–4453. https://doi.org/10.1021/cg800288x
Chen Z, Sun P, Fan B, Zhang Z, Fang X (2014) In situ template-free ion-exchange process to prepare visible-light-active g-C3N4/NiS hybrid photocatalysts with enhanced hydrogen evolution activity. J Phys Chem C 118:7801–7807. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5000232
Chen B-R, Nguyen V-H, Wu JCS, Martin R, Kočí K (2016a) Production of renewable fuels by the photohydrogenation of CO2: effect of the Cu species loaded onto TiO2 photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18:4942–4951. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP06999H
Chen W, Liu T-Y, Huang T, Liu X-H, Yang X-J (2016b) Novel mesoporous P-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets coupled with ZnIn2S4 nanosheets as efficient visible light driven heterostructures with remarkably enhanced photo-reduction activity. Nanoscale 8:3711–3719. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR07695A
Chen H, Cao S, Yao J, Jiang F (2017a) Fabrication of Ag nanowires–CdS–Au photocatalyst and its excellent visible light photocatalytic activity: the role of synergetic electron transfer. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 71:189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.12.004
Chen W, Hua Y-X, Wang Y, Huang T, Liu T-Y, Liu X-H (2017b) Two-dimensional mesoporous g-C3N4 nanosheet-supported MgIn2S4 nanoplates as visible-light-active heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic activity. J Catal 349:8–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.01.005
Chen F, Zou X, Chen C, Hu Q, Wei Y, Wang Y, Xiang B, Zhang J (2019a) Surfactant-free synthesis of homogeneous nano-grade cadmium sulfide grafted reduced graphene oxide composite as a high-activity photocatalyst in visible light. Ceram Int 45:14376–14383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.04.153
Chen Z, Wang J, Xing R, Wang Y, Wang S, Wei D, Li J, Chen Z, Lü J (2019b) Preparation of carbon-supported CdS photocatalysts with high performance of dye photodegradation using cadmium-enriched Perilla frutescens biomass. Inorg Chem Commun 109:107559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107559
Chen F, Jin X, Jia D, Cao Y, Duan H, Long M (2020a) Efficient treatment of organic pollutants over CdS/graphene composites photocatalysts. Appl Surf Sci 504:144422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144422
Chen Q, Li S, Xu H, Wang G, Qu Y, Zhu P, Wang D (2020b) Co-MOF as an electron donor for promoting visible-light photoactivities of g-C3N4 nanosheets for CO2 reduction. Chin J Catal 41:514–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63497-2
Chen Q, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang G, Xin Y, Chai C (2020c) Construction of immobilized 0D/1D heterostructure photocatalyst Au/CuS/CdS/TiO2 NBs with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards moxifloxacin degradation. Chem Eng J 389:124476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124476
Cheng Y-H, Nguyen V-H, Chan H-Y, Wu JCS, Wang W-H (2015) Photo-enhanced hydrogenation of CO2 to mimic photosynthesis by CO co-feed in a novel twin reactor. Appl Energy 147:318–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.085
Chnadel N, Dutta V, Sharma S, Raizada P, Sonu, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Kumar R, Singh P, Thakur VK (2020) Z-scheme photocatalytic dye degradation on AgBr/Zn(Co)Fe2O4 photocatalysts supported on nitrogen-doped graphene. Mater Today Sustain 9:100043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2020.100043
Davis AP, Huang CP (1991) The photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur-containing organic compounds using cadmium sulfide and the effect on CdS photocorrosion. Water Res 25:1273–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90067-Z
Deng F, Lu X, Luo Y, Wang J, Che W, Yang R, Luo X, Luo S, Dionysiou DD (2019) Novel visible-light-driven direct Z-scheme CdS/CuInS2 nanoplates for excellent photocatalytic degradation performance and highly-efficient Cr(VI) reduction. Chem Eng J 361:1451–1461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.10.176
Do H-T, Phan Thi L-A, Dao Nguyen NH, Huang C-W, Le QV, Nguyen V-H (2020) Tailoring photocatalysts and elucidating mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in water: a comparative overview. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6333
Dong F, Zhao Z, Xiong T, Ni Z, Zhang W, Sun Y, Ho W-K (2013) In situ construction of g-C3N4/g-C3N4 metal-free heterojunction for enhanced visible-light photocatalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:11392–11401. https://doi.org/10.1021/am403653a
Dutta V, Singh P, Shandilya P, Sharma S, Raizada P, Saini AK, Gupta VK, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Agarwal S, Rahmani-Sani A (2019) Review on advances in photocatalytic water disinfection utilizing graphene and graphene derivatives-based nanocomposites. J Environ Chem Eng 7:103132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103132
Dutta V, Sharma S, Raizada P, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Kaushal J, Singh P (2020) Fabrication of visible light active BiFeO3/CuS/SiO2 Z-scheme photocatalyst for efficient dye degradation. Mater Lett 270:127693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127693
El-Katori EE, Ahmed MA, El-Bindary AA, Oraby AM (2020) Impact of CdS/SnO2 heterostructured nanoparticle as visible light active photocatalyst for the removal methylene blue dye. J Photochem Photobiol A 392:112403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112403
Enokiya H, Yamaguchi M, Hihara T (1977) Spin wave contribution to the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in ferromagnetic CuCr2S4 and β1-MnZn. J Phys Soc Jpn 42:805–807. https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.42.805
Fan Y, Deng M, Chen G, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Li D, Meng Q (2011) Effect of calcination on the photocatalytic performance of CdS under visible light irradiation. J Alloys Compd 509:1477–1481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.044
Feng Y, Yan X, Liu C, Hong Y, Zhu L, Zhou M, Shi W (2015) Hydrothermal synthesis of CdS/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction photocatalysts with excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance. Appl Surf Sci 353:87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.061
Freeda MA, Mahadevan CK (2017) Synthesis at room temperature and characterization of pure and Mn2 + doped CuS nanocrystals. J Alloys Compd 726:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.128
Ghows N, Entezari MH (2011) Exceptional catalytic efficiency in mineralization of the reactive textile azo dye (RB5) by a combination of ultrasound and core–shell nanoparticles (CdS/TiO2). J Hazard Mater 195:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.049
He B, Liu R, Ren J, Tang C, Zhong Y, Hu Y (2017) One-step solvothermal synthesis of petalous carbon-coated Cu + -doped CdS nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. Langmuir 33:6719–6726. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01450
Height MJ, Pratsinis SE, Mekasuwandumrong O, Praserthdam P (2006) Ag–ZnO catalysts for UV-photodegradation of methylene blue. Appl Catal B 63:305–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.10.018
Herrmann J-M (1999) Heterogeneous photocatalysis: fundamentals and applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants. Catal Today 53:115–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(99)00107-8
Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi W, Bahnemann DW (1995) Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chem Rev 95:69–96. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00033a004
Hsu M-H, Chang C-J (2014) Ag-doped ZnO nanorods coated metal wire meshes as hierarchical photocatalysts with high visible-light driven photoactivity and photostability. J Hazard Mater 278:444–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.038
Hu H, Wang M, Deng C, Chen J, Wang A, Le H (2018) Satellite-like CdS nanoparticles anchoring onto porous NiO nanoplates for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties. Mater Lett 224:75–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.04.061
Huang S, Lin Y, Yang J, Li X, Zhang J, Yu J, Shi H, Wang W, Yu Y (2013) Enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of semiconductor by Ag doping and simultaneous deposition: the case of CdS. RSC Adv 3:20782–20792. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA42445F
Huang N, Shu J, Wang Z, Chen M, Ren C, Zhang W (2015) One-step pyrolytic synthesis of ZnO nanorods with enhanced photocatalytic activity and high photostability under visible light and UV light irradiation. J Alloys Compd 648:919–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.039
Huang C-W, Nguyen B-S, Wu JCS, Nguyen V-H (2020a) A current perspective for photocatalysis towards the hydrogen production from biomass-derived organic substances and water. Int J Hydrog Energy 45:18144–18159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.08.121
Huang C-W, Nguyen V-H, Zhou S-R, Hsu S-Y, Tan J-X, Wu KCW (2020b) Metal–organic frameworks: preparation and applications in highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis. Sustain Energy Fuels 4:504–521. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SE00972H
Hullavarad NV, Hullavarad SS (2007) Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed CdS nanoparticles in SiO2 fibers by sol–gel method. Photon Nanostruct 5:156–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2007.03.001
Huynh KA, Nguyen DLT, Nguyen V-H, Vo D-VN, Trinh QT, Nguyen TP, Kim SY, Le QV (2020) Halide perovskite photocatalysis: progress and perspectives. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6342
Ikeue K, Shiiba S, Machida M (2010) Novel visible-light-driven photocatalyst based on Mn–Cd–S for efficient H2 evolution. Chem Mater 22:743–745. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm9026013
Iwashina K, Iwase A, Ng YH, Amal R, Kudo A (2015) Z-schematic water splitting into H2 and O2 using metal sulfide as a hydrogen-evolving photocatalyst and reduced graphene oxide as a solid-state electron mediator. J Am Chem Soc 137:604–607. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja511615s
Jiang D, Chen L, Zhu J, Chen M, Shi W, Xie J (2013) Novel p–n heterojunction photocatalyst constructed by porous graphite-like C3N4 and nanostructured BiOI: facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity. Dalton Trans 42:15726–15734. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3DT52008K
Jiang D, Li J, Xing C, Zhang Z, Meng S, Chen M (2015) Two-dimensional CaIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterojunction nanocomposite with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activities: interfacial engineering and mechanism insight. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:19234–19242. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b05118
Jing D, Guo L (2006) A novel method for the preparation of a highly stable and active CdS photocatalyst with a special surface nanostructure. J Phys Chem B 110:11139–11145. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp060905k
Kale BB, Baeg J-O, Lee SM, Chang H, Moon S-J, Lee CW (2006) CdIn2S4 nanotubes and “Marigold” nanostructures: a visible-light photocatalyst. Adv Funct Mater 16:1349–1354. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200500525
Kumar A, Raizada P, Singh P, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Thakur VK (2020) Facile synthesis and extended visible light activity of oxygen and sulphur co-doped carbon nitride quantum dots modified Bi2MoO6 for phenol degradation. J Photochem Photobiol A 397:112588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112588
Kwak W-C, Kim TG, Lee W, Han S-H, Sung Y-M (2009) Template-free liquid-phase synthesis of high-density cds nanowire arrays on conductive glass. J Phys Chem C 113:1615–1619. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp809365z
Lam SS, Nguyen V-H, Nguyen Dinh MT, Khieu DQ, La DD, Nguyen HT, Vo DVN, Xia C, Varma RS, Shokouhimehr M, Nguyen CC, Le QV, Peng W (2020) Mainstream avenues for boosting graphitic carbon nitride efficiency: towards enhanced solar light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production and environmental remediation. J Mater Chem A 8:10571–10603. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA02582H
Lang D, Liu F, Qiu G, Feng X, Xiang Q (2014) Synthesis and visible-light photocatalytic performance of cadmium sulfide and oxide hexagonal nanoplates. ChemPlusChem 79:1726–1732. https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201402220
Lee JY, Jo W-K (2017) Application of ultrasound-aided method for the synthesis of CdS-incorporated three-dimensional TiO2 photocatalysts with enhanced performance. Ultrason Sonochem 35:440–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.10.023
Lei D, Xue J, Bi Q, Tang C, Zhang L (2020) 3D/2D direct Z-scheme photocatalyst Zn2SnO4/CdS for simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and organic pollutant. Appl Surf Sci 517:146030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146030
Li Q, Zhang N, Yang Y, Wang G, Ng DHL (2014) High efficiency photocatalysis for pollutant degradation with MoS2/C3N4 heterostructures. Langmuir 30:8965–8972. https://doi.org/10.1021/la502033t
Li Q, Li X, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi AA, Yu J (2015a) CdS/graphene nanocomposite photocatalysts. Adv Energy Mater 5:1500010. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201500010
Li X, Chen X, Niu H, Han X, Zhang T, Liu J, Lin H, Qu F (2015b) The synthesis of CdS/TiO2 hetero-nanofibers with enhanced visible photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 452:89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.034
Li D, Yu JC-C, Nguyen V-H, Wu JCS, Wang X (2018) A dual-function photocatalytic system for simultaneous separating hydrogen from water splitting and photocatalytic degradation of phenol in a twin-reactor. Appl Catal B 239:268–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.08.010
Li G, Wang B, Zhang J, Wang R, Liu H (2019) Rational construction of a direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/CdS photocatalyst with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity and degradation of erythromycin and tetracycline. Appl Surf Sci 478:1056–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.02.035
Liu S, Xu Y-J (2013) Efficient electrostatic self-assembly of one-dimensional CdS–Au nanocomposites with enhanced photoactivity, not the surface plasmon resonance effect. Nanoscale 5:9330–9339. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3NR02682E
Liu J-K, Luo C-X, Yang X-H, Zhang X-Y (2009) Ultrasonic-template method synthesis of CdS hollow nanoparticle chains. Mater Lett 63:124–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2008.09.029
Liu F, Shao X, Wang J, Yang S, Li H, Meng X, Liu X, Wang M (2013) Solvothermal synthesis of graphene-CdS nanocomposites for highly efficient visible-light photocatalyst. J Alloys Compd 551:327–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.037
Liu M, Zhang L, He X, Zhang B, Song H, Li S, You W (2014) l-Cystine-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Mn1–xCdxS solid solutions with hexagonal wurtzite structure for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation. J Mater Chem A 2:4619–4626. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA15342H
Liu G, Zhao G, Zhou W, Liu Y, Pang H, Zhang H, Hao D, Meng X, Li P, Kako T, Ye J (2016) In situ bond modulation of graphitic carbon nitride to construct p–n homojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production. Adv Funct Mater 26:6822–6829. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201602779
Lu K-T, Nguyen V-H, Yu Y-H, Yu C-C, Wu JCS, Chang L-M, Lin AY-C (2016) An internal-illuminated monolith photoreactor towards efficient photocatalytic degradation of ppb-level isopropyl alcohol. Chem Eng J 296:11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.03.097
Ma F, Wu Y, Shao Y, Zhong Y, Lv J, Hao X (2016) 0D/2D nanocomposite visible light photocatalyst for highly stable and efficient hydrogen generation via recrystallization of CdS on MoS2 nanosheets. Nano Energy 27:466–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.07.014
Ma N, Chen A, Bian Z, Yang Y, Wang H (2019) In situ synthesis of a cadmium sulfide/reduced graphene oxide/bismuth Z-scheme oxyiodide system for enhanced photocatalytic performance in chlorinated paraben degradation. Chem Eng J 359:530–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.181
Madkour M, Ali AA, Abdel Nazeer A, Al Sagheer F, Belver C (2020) A novel natural sunlight active photocatalyst of CdS/SWCNT/CeO2 heterostructure: in depth mechanistic insights for the catalyst reactivity and dye mineralization. Appl Surf Sci 499:143988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143988
Maeda K, Teramura K, Lu D, Takata T, Saito N, Inoue Y, Domen K (2006) Photocatalyst releasing hydrogen from water. Nature 440:295. https://doi.org/10.1038/440295a
Majhi D, Das K, Mishra A, Dhiman R, Mishra BG (2020) One pot synthesis of CdS/BiOBr/Bi2O2CO3: a novel ternary double Z-scheme heterostructure photocatalyst for efficient degradation of atrazine. Appl Catal B 260:118222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.118222
Maleki M, Haghighi M (2016) Sono-dispersion of CuS-CdS over TiO2 in one-pot hydrothermal reactor as visible-light-driven nanostructured photocatalyst. J Mol Catal A Chem 424:283–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2016.08.036
Mandal H, Shyamal S, Hajra P, Samanta B, Fageria P, Pande S, Bhattacharya C (2014) Improved photoelectrochemical water oxidation using wurtzite ZnO semiconductors synthesized through simple chemical bath reaction. Electrochim Acta 141:294–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.013
Meng S, Li D, Zheng X, Wang J, Chen J, Fang J, Shao Y, Fu X (2013) ZnO photonic crystals with enhanced photocatalytic activity and photostability. J Mater Chem A 1:2744–2747. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TA01327D
Miao J-J, Jiang L-P, Liu C, Zhu J-M, Zhu J-J (2007) General sacrificial template method for the synthesis of cadmium chalcogenide hollow structures. Inorg Chem 46:5673–5677. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic700404n
Mizuno N, Misono M (1998) Heterogeneous catalysis. Chem Rev 98:199–218. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr960401q
Mohammad S, Marziyeh M, Fatemeh G (2019) Prominent visible light photocatalytic and water purification activity of PbS/CdS/CdO nanocomposite synthesized via simple co-precipitation method. Nanosci Nanotechnol Asia 9:278–284. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681208666180329152523
Muthulingam S, Bae KB, Khan R, Lee I-H, Uthirakumar P (2016) Carbon quantum dots decorated N-doped ZnO: synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity on UV, visible and daylight sources with suppressed photocorrosion. J Environ Chem Eng 4:1148–1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2015.06.029
Nguyen V-H, Wu JCS (2018) Recent developments in the design of photoreactors for solar energy conversion from water splitting and CO2 reduction. Appl Catal A 550:122–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.11.002
Nguyen V-H, Chan H-Y, Wu JCS, Bai H (2012) Direct gas-phase photocatalytic epoxidation of propylene with molecular oxygen by photocatalysts. Chem Eng J 179:285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.11.003
Nguyen V-H, Lin SD, Wu JC-S (2015) Synergetic photo-epoxidation of propylene over VTi/MCM-41 mesoporous photocatalysts. J Catal 331:217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2015.09.001
Nguyen TD, Nguyen V-H, Nanda S, Vo D-VN, Nguyen VH, Van Tran T, Nong LX, Nguyen TT, Bach L-G, Abdullah B, Hong S-S, Van Nguyen T (2020a) BiVO4 photocatalysis design and applications to oxygen production and degradation of organic compounds: a review. Environ Chem Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01039-0
Nguyen TP, Nguyen DLT, Nguyen V-H, Le T-H, Ly QV, Vo D-VN, Nguyen QV, Le HS, Jang HW, Kim SY, Le QV (2020b) Facile synthesis of WS2 hollow spheres and their hydrogen evolution reaction performance. Appl Surf Sci 505:144574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144574
Nguyen TP, Nguyen DLT, Nguyen V-H, Le T-H, Vo D-VN, Trinh QT, Bae S-R, Chae SY, Kim SY, Le QV (2020c) Recent advances in TiO2-based photocatalysts for reduction of CO2 to fuels. Nanomaterials 10:337
Nguyen V-H, Nguyen B-S, Hu C, Nguyen CC, Nguyen DLT, Nguyen Dinh MT, Vo D-VN, Trinh QT, Shokouhimehr M, Hasani A, Kim SY, Le QV (2020d) Novel architecture titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene cocatalysts toward photocatalytic hydrogen production: a mini-review. Nanomaterials 10:602
Nguyen V-H, Nguyen B-S, Huang C-W, Le T-T, Nguyen CC, Le Nhi TT, Heo D, Ly QV, Trinh QT, Shokouhimehr M, Xia C, Lam SS, Vo D-VN, Kim SY, Le QV (2020e) Photocatalytic NOx abatement: recent advances and emerging trends in the development of photocatalysts. J Clean Prod 270:121912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121912
Nguyen V-H, Nguyen B-S, Jin Z, Shokouhimehr M, Jang HW, Hu C, Singh P, Raizada P, Peng W, Shiung Lam S, Xia C, Nguyen CC, Kim SY, Le QV (2020f) Towards artificial photosynthesis: sustainable hydrogen utilization for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to high-value renewable fuels. Chem Eng J 402:126184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126184
Nguyen V-H, Nguyen B-S, Vo H-T, Nguyen CC, Bae S-R, Kim SY, Le QV (2020g) Recent advances in selective photo-epoxidation of propylene: a review. Catalysts 10:87
Nguyen V-H, Phan Thi L-A, Van Le Q, Singh P, Raizada P, Kajitvichyanukul P (2020h) Tailored photocatalysts and revealed reaction pathways for photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, soil and other sources. Chemosphere 260:127529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127529
Nguyen V-H, Smith SM, Wantala K, Kajitvichyanukul P (2020i) Photocatalytic remediation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs): a review. Chem, Arabian J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.04.028
Noda Y, Lee B, Domen K, Kondo JN (2008) Synthesis of crystallized mesoporous tantalum oxide and its photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting under ultraviolet light irradiation. Chem Mater 20:5361–5367. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm703202n
Padmaja S, Jayakumar S, Balaji R, Sudakar C, Kumaravel M, Rajendran V, Rajkumar M, Radhamani AV (2013) Structural and optical properties of CdS/PEO nanocomposite solid films. Mater Sci Semicond Process 16:1502–1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2013.06.002
Pany S, Parida KM, Naik B (2013) Facile fabrication of mesoporosity driven N-TiO2@CS nanocomposites with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 3:4976–4984. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3RA22775H
Pawar RC, Lee CS (2014) Single-step sensitization of reduced graphene oxide sheets and CdS nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods as visible-light photocatalysts. Appl Catal B 144:57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.06.022
Qi L, Yu J, Jaroniec M (2011) Preparation and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity of CdS-sensitized Pt/TiO2 nanosheets with exposed (001) facets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13:8915–8923. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CP20079H
Qi X, She G, Liu Y, Mu L, Shi W (2012) Electrochemical synthesis of CdS/ZnO nanotube arrays with excellent photoelectrochemical properties. Chem Commun 48:242–244. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CC15674H
Qi K, Cheng B, Yu J, Ho W (2017a) A review on TiO2-based Z-scheme photocatalysts. Chin J Catal 38:1936–1955. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(17)62962-0
Qi Y, Chen S, Li M, Ding Q, Li Z, Cui J, Dong B, Zhang F, Li C (2017b) Achievement of visible-light-driven Z-scheme overall water splitting using barium-modified Ta3N5 as a H2-evolving photocatalyst. Chem Sci 8:437–443. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6SC02750D
Qian S, Wang C, Liu W, Zhu Y, Yao W, Lu X (2011) An enhanced CdS/TiO2 photocatalyst with high stability and activity: effect of mesoporous substrate and bifunctional linking molecule. J Mater Chem 21:4945–4952. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0JM03508D
Qu R, Zhang W, Liu N, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Li X, Wei Y, Feng L (2018) Antioil Ag3PO4 nanoparticle/polydopamine/Al2O3 sandwich structure for complex wastewater treatment: dynamic catalysis under natural light. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:8019–8028. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01469
Rahmani-Sani A, Singh P, Raizada P, Claudio Lima E, Anastopoulos I, Giannakoudakis DA, Sivamani S, Dontsova TA, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A (2020) Use of chicken feather and eggshell to synthesize a novel magnetized activated carbon for sorption of heavy metal ions. Bioresour Technol 297:122452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122452
Raizada P, Gautam S, Priya B, Singh P (2016a) Preparation and photocatalytic activity of hydroxyapatite supported BiOCl nanocomposite for oxytetracyline removal. Adv Mater Lett 7:312–318
Raizada P, Priya B, Thakur P, Singh P (2016b) Solar light induced photodegradation of oxytetracycline using Zr doped TiO2/CaO based nanocomposite. Indian J Chem A 55A:803–809
Raizada P, Kumari J, Shandilya P, Dhiman R, Pratap Singh V, Singh P (2017a) Magnetically retrievable Bi2WO6/Fe3O4 immobilized on graphene sand composite for investigation of photocatalytic mineralization of oxytetracycline and ampicillin. Process Saf Environ 106:104–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.12.012
Raizada P, Kumari J, Shandilya P, Singh P (2017b) Kinetics of photocatalytic mineralization of oxytetracycline and ampicillin using activated carbon supported ZnO/ZnWO. Desalination 79:204–213
Raizada P, Shandilya P, Singh P, Thakur P (2017c) Solar light-facilitated oxytetracycline removal from the aqueous phase utilizing a H2O2/ZnWO4/CaO catalytic system. J Taibah Univ Sci 11:689–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2016.06.004
Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Singh P (2019a) Photocatalytic water decontamination using graphene and ZnO coupled photocatalysts: a review. Mater Sci Energy Technol 2:509–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.04.007
Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Singh P, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Gupta VK, Agarwal S (2019b) Silver-mediated Bi2O3 and graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite as all solid state Z scheme photocatalyst for imidacloprid pesticide abatement from water. Desalin Water Treat 171:344–355
Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Singh P, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Thakur P (2019c) Converting type II AgBr/VO into ternary Z scheme photocatalyst via coupling with phosphorus doped g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic activity. Sep Purif Technol 227:115692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115692
Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Singh P, Shandilya P, Gupta VK, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Agrawal S (2019d) Ag3PO4 modified phosphorus and sulphur co-doped graphitic carbon nitride as a direct Z-scheme photocatalyst for 2, 4-dimethyl phenol degradation. J Photochem Photobiol A 374:22–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.01.015
Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Patial S, Hasija V, Parwaz Khan AA, Singh P, Gautam S, Kaur M, Nguyen V-H (2020a) Engineering nanostructures of CuO-based photocatalysts for water treatment: current progress and future challenges. Arab J Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.06.031
Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Singh P, Shandilya P, Thakur P, Jung H (2020b) Visible light assisted photodegradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol using Ag0CO3 loaded phosphorus and sulphur co-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets in simulated wastewater. Arab J Chem 13:3196–3209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.10.004
Ruan X, Hu H, Che H, Jiang E, Zhang X, Liu C, Che G (2019) A visible-light-driven Z-scheme CdS/Bi12GeO20 heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of various organics and the reduction of aqueous Cr(VI). J Colloid Interface Sci 543:317–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.052
Ruberu TPA, Nelson NC, Slowing II, Vela J (2012) Selective alcohol dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis with semiconductor-metal photocatalysts: toward solar-to-chemical energy conversion of biomass-relevant substrates. J Phys Chem Lett 3:2798–2802. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz301309d
Rui X, Tan H, Yan Q (2014) Nanostructured metal sulfides for energy storage. Nanoscale 6:9889–9924. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR03057E
Salavati-Niasari M, Loghman-Estarki MR, Davar F (2008) Controllable synthesis of nanocrystalline CdS with different morphologies by hydrothermal process in the presence of thioglycolic acid. Chem Eng J 145:346–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.08.040
Sehati S, Entezari MH (2017) High visible light intercalated nanophotocatalyst (PbS-CdS/Ti6O13) synthesized by ultrasound: photocatalytic activity, photocorrosion resistance and degradation mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 174:482–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.10.045
Sharma S, Dutta V, Singh P, Raizada P, Rahmani-Sani A, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Thakur VK (2019) Carbon quantum dot supported semiconductor photocatalysts for efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water: a review. J Clean Prod 228:755–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.292
Shi J-W, Yan X, Cui H-J, Zong X, Fu M-L, Chen S, Wang L (2012) Low-temperature synthesis of CdS/TiO2 composite photocatalysts: influence of synthetic procedure on photocatalytic activity under visible light. J Mol Catal A Chem 356:53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2012.01.001
Simon T, Bouchonville N, Berr MJ, Vaneski A, Adrović A, Volbers D, Wyrwich R, Döblinger M, Susha AS, Rogach AL, Jäckel F, Stolarczyk JK, Feldmann J (2014) Redox shuttle mechanism enhances photocatalytic H2 generation on Ni-decorated CdS nanorods. Nat Mater 13:1013–1018. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4049
Singh A, Sinha ASK (2018) Synthesis and characterization of CdS-based ternary composite for enhanced visible light-driven photocatalysis. J Phys Chem Solids 120:123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2018.04.030
Singh P, Gautam S, Shandilya P, Priya B, Singh VP, Raizada P (2017) Graphene bentonite supported ZnFe2O4 as superparamagnetic photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation. Adv Mater Lett 8:229–238
Singh P, Sharma K, Hasija V, Sharma V, Sharma S, Raizada P, Singh M, Saini AK, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A, Thakur VK (2019a) Systematic review on applicability of magnetic iron oxides-integrated photocatalysts for degradation of organic pollutants in water. Mater Today Chem 14:100186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2019.08.005
Singh P, Sonu, Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Shandilya P, Thakur P, Agarwal S, Gupta VK (2019b) Enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability of AgBr/BiOBr/graphene heterojunction for phenol degradation under visible light. J Saudi Chem Soc 23:586–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2018.10.005
Singh P, Shandilya P, Raizada P, Sudhaik A, Rahmani-Sani A, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A (2020) Review on various strategies for enhancing photocatalytic activity of graphene based nanocomposites for water purification. Arab J Chem 13:3498–3520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.12.001
Song L, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhang S (2014) Synthesis and characterization of Bi3 + -Doped Ag/AgCl and enhanced photocatalytic properties. J Phys Chem C 118:29777–29787. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp507816v
Tawkaew S, Fujishiro Y, Yin S, Sato T (2001) Synthesis of cadmium sulfide pillared layered compounds and photocatalytic reduction of nitrate under visible light irradiation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 179:139–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(00)00649-X
Thiruvengadathan R, Levi-Kalisman Y, Regev O (2005) Templating nanostructures by mesoporous materials with an emphasis on room temperature and cryogenic TEM studies. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 10:280–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2005.09.008
Tian Q, Wu W, Liu J, Wu Z, Yao W, Ding J, Jiang C (2017) Dimensional heterostructures of 1D CdS/2D ZnIn2S4 composited with 2D graphene: designed synthesis and superior photocatalytic performance. Dalton Trans 46:2770–2777. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7DT00018A
Voiry D, Fullon R, Yang J, de Carvalho Castro e Silva C, Kappera R, Bozkurt I, Kaplan D, Lagos MJ, Batson PE, Gupta G, Mohite Aditya D, Dong L, Er D, Shenoy VB, Asefa T, Chhowalla M (2016) The role of electronic coupling between substrate and 2D MoS2 nanosheets in electrocatalytic production of hydrogen. Nat Mater 15:1003–1009. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4660
Wang D, Li D, Guo L, Fu F, Zhang Z, Wei Q (2009) Template-free hydrothermal synthesis of novel three-dimensional dendritic CdS nanoarchitectures. J Phys Chem C 113:5984–5990. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp810155r
Wang R, Xu D, Liu J, Li K, Wang H (2011) Preparation and photocatalytic properties of CdS/La2Ti2O7 nanocomposites under visible light. Chem Eng J 168:455–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.035
Wang W, Tadé MO, Shao Z (2015) Research progress of perovskite materials in photocatalysis- and photovoltaics-related energy conversion and environmental treatment. Chem Soc Rev 44:5371–5408. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CS00113G
Wang C, Wang L, Jin J, Liu J, Li Y, Wu M, Chen L, Wang B, Yang X, Su B-L (2016a) Probing effective photocorrosion inhibition and highly improved photocatalytic hydrogen production on monodisperse PANI@CdS core-shell nanospheres. Appl Catal B 188:351–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.02.017
Wang H, Peng D, Chen T, Chang Y, Dong S (2016b) A novel photocatalyst AgBr/ZnO/RGO with high visible light photocatalytic activity. Ceram Int 42:4406–4412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.124
Wang H, Yuan X, Wang H, Chen X, Wu Z, Jiang L, Xiong W, Zeng G (2016c) Facile synthesis of Sb2S3/ultrathin g-C3N4 sheets heterostructures embedded with g-C3N4 quantum dots with enhanced NIR-light photocatalytic performance. Appl Catal B 193:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.03.075
Wang B, Feng W, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Huang X, Fang Z, Liu P (2017a) In situ construction of a novel Bi/CdS nanocomposite with enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance. Appl Catal B 206:510–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.01.047
Wang M, Cai L, Wang Y, Zhou F, Xu K, Tao X, Chai Y (2017b) Graphene-draped semiconductors for enhanced photocorrosion resistance and photocatalytic properties. J Am Chem Soc 139:4144–4151. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b00341
Wang C, Zhai J, Jiang H, Liu D, Zhang L (2019) CdS/Ag2S nanocomposites photocatalyst with enhanced visible light photocatalysis activity. Solid State Sci 98:106020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2019.106020
Weng B, Qi M-Y, Han C, Tang Z-R, Xu Y-J (2019) Photocorrosion inhibition of semiconductor-based photocatalysts: basic principle, current development, and future perspective. ACS Catal 9:4642–4687. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.9b00313
Wu Y-T, Yu Y-H, Nguyen V-H, Lu K-T, Wu JC-S, Chang L-M, Kuo C-W (2013) Enhanced xylene removal by photocatalytic oxidation using fiber-illuminated honeycomb reactor at ppb level. J Hazard Mater 262:717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.09.037
Wu K, Chen Z, Lv H, Zhu H, Hill CL, Lian T (2014) Hole removal rate limits photodriven H2 generation efficiency in CdS-Pt and CdSe/CdS-Pt semiconductor nanorod-metal tip heterostructures. J Am Chem Soc 136:7708–7716. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja5023893
Xu X, Liu W, Kim Y, Cho J (2014) Nanostructured transition metal sulfides for lithium ion batteries: progress and challenges. Nano Today 9:604–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2014.09.005
Xu J, Li X, Niu J, Chen M, Yue J (2020) Synthesis of direct Z-Scheme Bi3TaO7/CdS composite photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance for ciprofloxacin degradation under visible light irradiation. J Alloys Compd 834:155061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155061
Xue Y, Wu Z, He X, Li Q, Yang X, Li L (2019) Hierarchical fabrication Z-scheme photocatalyst of BiVO4 (0 4 0)-Ag@CdS for enhanced photocatalytic properties under simulated sunlight irradiation. J Colloid Interface Sci 548:293–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.043
Yan Y, Zhou Z, Li W, Zhu Y, Cheng Y, Zhao F, Zhou J (2014) Facile ion-exchange synthesis of urchin-shaped CdS/Bi2S3 heterostructures with enhanced photostability and visible light photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 4:38558–38567. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA05655H
Yan X, Liu K, Shi W (2017) Facile synthesis of CdS/MnWO4 heterojunction with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and mechanism investigation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 520:138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.01.065
Yang J, Wang D, Han H, Li C (2013) Roles of cocatalysts in photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. Acc Chem Res 46:1900–1909. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300227e
Yu H, Huang X, Wang P, Yu J (2016a) Enhanced photoinduced-stability and photocatalytic activity of CdS by dual amorphous cocatalysts: synergistic effect of Ti(IV)-hole cocatalyst and Ni(II)-electron cocatalyst. J Phys Chem C 120:3722–3730. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00126
Yu JCC, Nguyen V-H, Lasek J, Chiang S-W, Li DX, Wu JCS (2016b) NOx abatement from stationary emission sources by photo-assisted SCR: lab-scale to pilot-scale studies. Appl Catal A 523:294–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2016.06.020
Yu JC-C, Nguyen V-H, Lasek J, Wu JCS (2017) Titania nanosheet photocatalysts with dominantly exposed (001) reactive facets for photocatalytic NOx abatement. Appl Catal B 219:391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2017.07.077
Yuan J, Wen J, Gao Q, Chen S, Li J, Li X, Fang Y (2015) Amorphous Co3O4 modified CdS nanorods with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity. Dalton Trans 44:1680–1689. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4DT03197K
Zhan JH, Yang XG, Wang DW, Li SD, Xie Y, Xia Y, Qian Y (2000) Polymer-controlled growth of CdS nanowires. Adv Mater 12:1348–1351. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(200009)12:18%3c1348:aid-adma1348%3e3.0.co;2-x
Zhang H, Ma X, Ji Y, Xu J, Yang D (2003) Single crystalline CdS nanorods fabricated by a novel hydrothermal method. Chem Phys Lett 377:654–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01242-9
Zhang J, Wang Y, Jin J, Zhang J, Lin Z, Huang F, Yu J (2013) Efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and enhanced photostability of Core/Shell CdS/g-C3N4 nanowires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:10317–10324. https://doi.org/10.1021/am403327g
Zhang L, Fu X, Meng S, Jiang X, Wang J, Chen S (2015a) Ultra-low content of Pt modified CdS nanorods: one-pot synthesis and high photocatalytic activity for H2 production under visible light. J Mater Chem A 3:23732–23742. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA07459B
Zhang N, Yang M-Q, Liu S, Sun Y, Xu Y-J (2015b) Waltzing with the versatile platform of graphene to synthesize composite photocatalysts. Chem Rev 115:10307–10377. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00267
Zhang A-Y, Wang W-K, Pei D-N, Yu H-Q (2016) Degradation of refractory pollutants under solar light irradiation by a robust and self-protected ZnO/CdS/TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst. Water Res 92:78–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.01.045
Zhang J, Guo Y, Xiong Y, Zhou D, Dong S (2017) An environmentally friendly Z-scheme WO3/CDots/CdS heterostructure with remarkable photocatalytic activity and anti-photocorrosion performance. J Catal 356:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.09.021
Zhang L, Li P, Feng L, Chen X, Jiang J, Zhang S, Zhang A, Chen G, Wang H (2020a) Controllable fabrication of visible-light-driven CoSx/CdS photocatalysts with direct Z-scheme heterojunctions for photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction with high efficiency. Chem Eng J 397:125464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125464
Zhang Y, Shi Z, Luo L, Liu Z, Macharia DK, Duoerkun G, Shen C, Liu J, Zhang L (2020b) Construction of titanium dioxide/cadmium sulfide heterojunction on carbon fibers as weavable photocatalyst for eliminating various contaminants. J Colloid Interface Sci 561:307–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.10.105
Zhao X, Wang X, Sun Z, Li Z, Sun D (2020) Efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance of CdS/BiPO4 nanoparticles fabricated by solvothermal method. Optik 208:164543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164543
Zheng Y, Zheng L, Zhan Y, Lin X, Zheng Q, Wei K (2007) Ag/ZnO heterostructure nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization, and photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 46:6980–6986. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic700688f
Zhu H, Jiang R, Xiao L, Liu L, Cao C, Zeng G (2013a) CdS nanocrystals/TiO2/crosslinked chitosan composite: facile preparation, characterization and adsorption-photocatalytic properties. Appl Surf Sci 273:661–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.106
Zhu Z, Wu Y, Liu H, Chen G, Zhu C (2013b) Synthesis of CdS cauliflower-like microspheres via a template-free hydrothermal method. Mater Lett 107:90–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.06.002
Zou X, Fan H, Tian Y, Zhang M, Yan X (2015) Chemical bath deposition of Cu2O quantum dots onto ZnO nanorod arrays for application in photovoltaic devices. RSC Adv 5:23401–23409. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA13776K
Zyoud AH, Zaatar N, Saadeddin I, Ali C, Park D, Campet G, Hilal HS (2010) CdS-sensitized TiO2 in phenazopyridine photo-degradation: catalyst efficiency, stability and feasibility assessment. J Hazard Mater 173:318–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.093
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sharma, S., Dutta, V., Raizada, P. et al. Tailoring cadmium sulfide-based photocatalytic nanomaterials for water decontamination: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 271–306 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01066-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01066-x