Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Structure of friction-transferred highly oriented poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films

  • Papers
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Oriented thin films of P3HT were obtained by a friction-transfer technique. The morphology and structure of the film were studied by means of optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Optical microscopy observation indicates that large size well-ordered P3HT thin films can be produced by a friction-transfer technique. Highly ordered lamellae were observed in P3HT friction-transferred films by electron microscopy. Electron diffraction results confirm the existence of high orientation with the a- and c-axes of P3HT crystals aligned in the film plane while the c-axis parallel to the friction-transfer direction. The atomic force microscopy observation of the as-prepared P3HT thin film shows, however, a featureless top surface morphology, indicating the structure inhomogeneity of the obtained film. To get highly oriented P3HT thin films with homogenous structure, high temperature annealing, solvent vapor annealing and self-seeding recrystallization of the friction-transferred film were performed. It is confirmed that solvent vapor annealing and self-seeding recrystallization methods are efficient in improving the surface morphology and structure of the frictiontransferred P3HT thin film. Highly oriented P3HT films with unique structure can be obtained through friction-transfer with subsequent solvent vapor annealing and self-seeding recrystallization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tang, C.W. and Van Slyke, S.A., J. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1987, 51: 913

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Burroughes, J.H., Bradley, D.D.C., Brown, A.R., Marks, R.N., Mackay, K., Friend, R.H., Burns, P.L. and Holmes, A.B., Nature, 1990, 347: 539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baughman, R.H., Bredas, J.L., Chance, R.R., Elsenbaumer, R.L. and Shacklette, L.W., Chem. Rev., 1982, 82: 209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Patil, A.O., Heeger, A.J. and Wudl, F., Chem. Rev., 1988, 88: 183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Salleo, A., Mater. Today, 2007, 10: 38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sirringhaus, H., Brown, P.J., Friend, R.H., Nielsen, M.M., Bechgaard, K., Langeveld-Voss, B.M.W., Spiering, A.J.H., Janssen, R.A.J., Meijer, E.W., Herwig, P. and de Leeuw, D.M., Nature, 1999, 401: 685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chabinyc, M.L. and Salleo, A., Chem. Mater., 2004, 16: 4509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Burrows, P.E., Gu, G., Bulovic, V., Shen, Z., Forrest, S.R. and Thompson, M.E., IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev., 1997, 44: 1188

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Coakley, K. and McGehee, M.D., Chem. Mater., 2004, 16: 4533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zen, A., Saphiannikova, M., Neher, D., Grenzer, J., Grigorian, S., Pietsch, U., Asawapirom, U., Janietz, S., Scherf, U., Lieberwirth, I. and Wegner, G., Macromolecules, 2006, 39: 2162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang, R., Li, B., Iovu, M.C., Jefferies-El, M., Sauvé, G., Cooper, J., Jia, S., Tristram-Nagle, S., Smilgies, D.L., Lambeth, D.N., McCullough, R.D. and Kowalewsky, T., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128: 3480

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Clark, J., Silva, C., Friend, R.H. and Spano, F.C., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, 98: 206406

    Google Scholar 

  13. Clark, J., Chang, J.F., Spano, F.C., Friend, R.H., and Silva, C., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2009, 94: 163306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pingel, P., Zen, A., Abellòn, R.D., Grozema, F.C., Siebbeles, L.D.A. and Neher, D., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2010, 20: 2286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Brinkmann, M. and Rannou, P., Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 1125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chang, J.F., Sun, B., Breiby, D.W., Nielsen, M.M., Soelling, T.I., Giles, M., McCulloch, I. and Sirringhaus, H., Chem. Mater., 2004, 16: 4772

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Osaka, I. and McCullough, R.D., Acc. Chem. Res., 2008, 41: 1202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Meille, S.V., Romita, V., Caronna, T., Lovinger, A.J., Catellani, M. and Belobrzeckaja, L., Macromolecular, 1997, 30: 7898

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yang, H., Shin, T.J., Yang, L., Cho, K., Ryu, C.Y. and Bao, Z., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2005, 15: 671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Park, Y.D., Lee, H.S., Choi, Y.J., Kwak, D., Cho, J.H., Lee, S. and Cho, K., Adv. Mater., 2009, 19: 1200

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Verilhac, J.M., LeBlevennec, G., Djurado, D., Rieutord, F., Chouiki, M., Travers, J.P. and Pron, A., Synth. Met., 2006, 156: 815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Zen, A., Pflaum, J., Hirschmann, S., Zhuang, W., Jaiser, F., Asawapirom, U., Rabe, J.P., Scherf, U. and Neher, D., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2004, 14: 757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kline, R.J., McGehee, M.D., Kadnikova, E.N., Liu, J., Fréchet, J.M.J. and Toney, M.F., Macromolecules, 2005, 38: 3312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Trznadel, M., Pron, A., Zagorska, M., Chrzaszcz, R. and Pielichowski, J., Macromolecules, 1998, 31: 5051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Aasmundtveit, K.E., Samuelsen, E.J., Guldstein, M., Steinsland, C., Flornes, O., Fagermo, C., Seeberg, T.M., Pettersson, L.A.A., Inganas, O., Feidenhans’l, R. and Ferrer, S., Macromolecules, 2000, 33: 3120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Xu, G., Bao, Z. and Groves, J.T., Langmuir, 2000, 16: 1834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bolognesi, A., Botta, C., Martinelli, M. and Porzio, W., Org. Electron., 2000, 1: 27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Österbacka, R., An, C.P., Jiang, X.M. and Vardeny, Z.V., Synth. Met., 2001, 116: 31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Sirringhaus, H., Wilson, R.J., Friend, R.H., Inbasekaran, M., Wu, W., Woo, E.P., Grell, M. and Bradley, D.D.C., Appl. Phys. Lett., 2000, 77: 406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Amundson, K.R., Sapjeta, B.J., Lovinger, A.J. and Bao, Z., Thin Solid Films, 2002, 414: 143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jimison, L.H., Toney, M.F., McCulloch, I., Heeney, M. and Salleo, A., Adv. Mater., 2009, 21: 1568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim, D.H., Han, J.T., Park, Y.D., Jang, Y., Cho, J.H., Hwang, M. and Cho, K., Adv. Mater., 2006, 18: 719

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Liu, J.H., Arif, M., Zou, J.H., Khondaker, S.I. and Zhai, L., Macromolecules, 2009, 42: 9390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Xiao, X., Wang, Z., Hu, Z. and He, T., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2010, 114: 7452

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wittmann, J.C. and Lotz, B., J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1981, 19: 1837

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Wittmann, J.C. and Lotz, B., Prog. Polym. Sci., 1990, 15: 909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Wittmann, J.C. and Lotz, B., J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 1981, 19: 1853

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. An, Y., Jiang, S., Yan, S., Sun J. and Chen, X., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2011, 29(4): 513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhou, H. and Yan, S., Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2013, 214: 639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Toney, M.F., Russell, T.P., Logan, J.A., Kikuchi, H., Sands, J.M. and Kumar, S.K., Nature, 1995, 374: 709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Nagamatsu, S., Takashima, W., Kaneto, K., Yoshida, Y., Tanigaki, N., Yase, K. and Omote, K., Macromolecules, 2003, 36: 5252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. van Aerle, N.A.J.M., Barmentio, M. and Hollering, R.W.J., J. Appl. Phys., 1993, 74: 3111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Mena-Osteriz, E., Adv. Mater., 2002, 14: 609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Brinkmann, M. and Wittmann, J.C., Adv. Mater., 2006, 18: 860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Brinkmann, M., Contal, C., Kayunkid, N., Djuric, T. and Resel, R., Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 7604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhou, H., Jiang, S. and Yan, S., J. Phys. Chem. B., 2010, 115: 13449

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Hartmann, L., Tremel, K., Uttiya, S., Crosslane, E., Ludwigs, S., Kayunkid, N., Vergnat, C. and Bringkmann, M., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2011, 21: 4047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Chen, J., Dai, J., Yang, J., Zhang, N., Huang, T., Wang, Y. and Zhang, C., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2015, 33(9): 1211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wang, S., Saffar, A., Ajji, A., Wu, H. and Guo, S., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2015, 33(7): 1028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Xue, Y., Wang, Y., Fan, Y., Yang, H., Tang, T., Bo, S. and Ji, X., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2014, 32(6): 751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Chang, H., Li, H., Zheng, T., Zhou, Q., Zhang, L. and Hu, Y., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2014, 32(3): 362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Tashiro, K. and Kobayashi, M., Polymer, 1997, 38: 2867

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wu, J., Zhou, H., Liu, Q. and Yan, S., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2013, 31(6): 841

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Xu, J., Ma, Y., Hu, W., Rehahn, M. and Reiter, G., Nature Mater., 2009, 8: 348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sun, Y., Liu, J., Ding, Y. and Han, Y., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2013, 31(5): 748

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Li-guo Chai, Hai-xin Zhou, Xiao-li Sun, Hui-hui Li & Shou-ke Yan  (闫寿科)

  2. Basic Research Service, MOST, Beijing, 100862, China

    Xiao-qiu Yang

Authors
  1. Li-guo Chai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hai-xin Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiao-li Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hui-hui Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shou-ke Yan  (闫寿科)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xiao-qiu Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shou-ke Yan  (闫寿科).

Additional information

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51221002 and 21434002).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chai, Lg., Zhou, Hx., Sun, Xl. et al. Structure of friction-transferred highly oriented poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films. Chin J Polym Sci 34, 513–522 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1770-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1770-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation