Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of electron diffraction in the structure characterization of polymer crystals

  • Feature Article
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Polymer Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The dependence of properties on the structure and morphology of semicrystalline polymers offers an effective way to tailor the properties of these materials through structure control. To this end, establishing the structure and property relationship is of great importance. For a right characterization of the crystal structure, several techniques can be used. Among these techniques, electron diffraction has its advantage for determining the crystal structure related to specific formation condition since it can combine with bright and dark fields observation of the sample. This feature article describes the application of electron diffraction in determining the crystal structure of semicrystalline polymers with elaborately selected examples. We focus on how the electron diffraction can be used to disclose the crystal structure, mutual orientation of different crystals, as well as the disorders included in the polymer crystals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Oh, S.Y., Akagi, K. and Shirakawa, H., Synth. Met., 1989, 32: 245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gagnon, D.R., Karasz, F.E., Thomas, E.L. and Lenz, R.W., Synth. Met., 1987, 20: 245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Andreatta, A., Tokito, S., Smith, P. and Heeger, A., Molec. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1990, 189: 169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Meille, S.V., Ferro, D.R., Brückner, S., Lovinger, A.J. and Padden, F.J., Macromolecules, 1994, 27: 2615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang, L., Hu, B. and Li, C.Z., Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2011, (12): 1374

    Google Scholar 

  6. Yuan, Y., Zhang, X.M., Cui, S. and Shen, K.Z., Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2012, (2): 194

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lu, Y., Wei, R.Q. and Liu, X.N., Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2009, (1): 66

    Google Scholar 

  8. Wada, Y., “Electronic properties of polymers”, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  9. Peterman, J. and Gohil, R.M., J. Mater. Sci., 1979, 14: 2260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Sun, X.L., Li, H.H., Lieberwirth, I. and Yan, S.K., Macromolecules, 2007, 40: 8244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Wang, J.J., Li, H.H., Liu, J.C., Duan, Y.X., Jiang, S.D. and Yan, S.K., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125: 1496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Orts, W.J., Marchessault, R.H., Bluhm, T.L. and Hamer, G.K., Macromolecules, 1990, 23: 5368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang, J.M., Duan, Y.X., Sato, H., Tsuji, H., Noda, I., Yan, S.K. and Ozaki, Y., Macromolecules, 2005, 38: 8012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Li, L.Z., Zhang, X.Q., Luo, F.L., Zhao, Y. and Wang, D.J., Acta Polymerica Sinica (in Chinese), 2011, (10): 1218

    Google Scholar 

  15. Dong, M., Jia, M.Y., Guo, Z.X. and Yu, J., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2011, 29(3): 308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang, T.C., Li, H.H. and Yan, S.K., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2012, 30(2): 269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sun, X.L., Pi, F.W., Zhang, J.M., Takahashi, I., Wang, F., Yan, S.K. and Ozaki, Y., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2011, 115: 1950

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Li, H.H., Sun, X.L., Yan, S.K. and Schultz, J.M., Macromolecules, 2008, 41: 5062

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bonnet, M., Yan, S., Petermann, J., Zhang, B. and Yang, D., J. Mater. Sci., 2001, 36: 635

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lotz, B., Lovinger, A.J. and Cais, R.E., Macromolecules, 1988, 21: 2375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lovinger, A.J., Lotz, B., Davis, D.D. and Padden, F.J., Macromolecules, 1993, 26: 3494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. De Rosa, C., Auriemma, F. and Vinti, V., Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 4137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. De Rosa, C., Auriemma, F. and Corradini, P., Macromolecules, 1996, 29: 7452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Minke, R. and Blackwell. J.J., Macromol. Sci. Phys., 1980, B18: 233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang, D. and Thomas, E., J. Mater. Sci., 1984, 19: 2098

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Petermann, J. and Gleiter H., Phil. Mag., 1973, 28: 1279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wittmann, J.C. and Lotz, B., Prog. Polym. Sci., 1990, 15: 909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Yan, C., Guo, L., Chang, H. and Yan, S., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2013, doi: 10.1007/s10118-013-1292-x

    Google Scholar 

  29. An, Y.K., Jiang, S.D., Yan, S.K., Sun J.R. and Chen, X.S., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2011, 29(4): 513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yan, S., Bonnet, M. and Petermann, J., Polymer, 2000, 41: 1139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yan, S., Späth, T. and Petermann, J., Polymer, 2000, 41: 4863

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu, J.C., Li, H.H., Yan, S.K., Xiao, Q. and Petermann, J., Colloid Polym. Sci., 2003, 281: 601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sun, Y.J., Li, H.H., Huang, Y., Chen, E., Zhao, L.F., Gan, Z.H. and Yan, S.K., Macromolecules, 2005, 38: 2739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yan, S.K., Yang, D.C. and Petermann, J., Polymer, 1998, 39: 4569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Yan, S.K. and Petermann, J., J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 2000, 38: 80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yan, S.K., Petermann, J. and Yang, D.C., Polymer, 1996, 37: 2681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Yan, S., Katzenberg, F., Petermann, J., Yang, D., Shen, Y., Straupe, C., Wittmann, J. C. and Lotz, B., Polymer, 2000, 41: 2613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sun, Y.J., Li, H.H., Huang, Y., Chen, E., Gan, Z.H. and Yan, S.K., Polymer, 2006, 47: 2455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Sun, Y.J., Tan, L., Jiang, S.D., Qian, H.L., Wang, Z.H., Yan, D.W., Di, C.A., Wang, Y., Wu, W.P., Yu, G., Yan, S.K., Wang, C.R., Hu, W.P., Liu, Y.Q. and Zhu, D.B., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007, 129: 1882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Dong, H.L., Jiang, S.D., Jiang, L., Liu, Y.L., Li, H.X., Hu, W.P., Wang, E.Q., Yan, S.K., Wei, Z.M., Xu, W. and Gong, X., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2009, 131: 17315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Dong, H.L., Li, H.X., Wang, E.J., Wei, Z.M., Xu, W., Hu, W.P. and Yan, S.K., Langmuir, 2008, 24: 13241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Woo, E.M., Wu, P.L., Wu, M.C. and Yan, K.C., Macromol. Chem. Phys., 2006, 207: 2232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Hobbs, S.Y. and Billmeyer Jr, F.W., J. Polym. Sci., 1969, A-2: 1119

    Google Scholar 

  44. Turner-Jones, A. and Bunn, C.W., Acta Cryst., 1962, 15: 105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhang, B., Yang, D.C., De Rosa, C. and Yan, S.K., Macromolecules, 2002, 35: 4646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Shen, Y., Yang, D. and Feng, Z., J. Mater. Sci., 1991, 26: 1941

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Khoury, F., J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand., 1966, 70A: 29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Sauer, J.A., Morrow, D.R. and Richarson, G.C., J. Appl. Phys., 1965, 36: 3017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Norton, D.R. and Keller, A., Polymer, 1985, 26: 704

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Binsbergen, F.L. and De Lange, B.G.M., Polymer, 1968, 9: 23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Compostella, M., Coen, A. and Bertinotti, F., Angew. Chem., 1962, 74: 618

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Katayama, K., Amano, T. and Nakamura, K., Kolloid Z. Z. Polym., 1968, 226: 125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Andersen, P.G. and Carr, S.H., J. Mater. Sci., 1975, 10: 870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Natta, G. and Corradini, P., Nuovo Cimento, 1960, 15: 40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Lotz, B. and Wittmann, J.C., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 1986, 24: 1541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Natta, G., Corradini, P. and Bassi, I.W., Nuovo Cimento Suppl., 1960; 15: 52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Natta, G. and Corradini, P., Nuovo Cimento Suppl., 1960; 15: 465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Holland, V.F. and Miller, R.L., J. Appl. Phys., 1964, 35: 3241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Goldbach, G. and Peitscher, G., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett., 1968, 6: 783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Armeniades, C.D. and Baer, E., J. Macromol. Sci. Phys., 1967, 2: 309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Turner-Jones, A., Polym. Lett., 1963, 1: 455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Turner-Jones, A., Polymer, 1976, 7: 23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Petraccone, V., Pirozzi, B., Frasci, A. and Corradini, P., Eur. Polym. J., 1976, 12: 323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Natta, G., Pino, P., Corradini P., Danusso, F., Mantica, E., Mazzanti, G. and Moraglio, G., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77: 1708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Natta, G., Corradini, P. and Bassi, I.W., Makromol. Chem., 1957, 7: 21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Natta, G., Makromol. Chem., 1960, 35: 94

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kopp, S., Wittmann, J.C. and Lotz, B., J. Mater. Sci., 1994, 29: 6159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Zhang, B., Yang, D.C. and Yan, S.K., J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 2002; 40: 2641

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Naga, N., Mizunuma, K., Sadatoshi, H. and Kakugo, M., Macromolecules, 1997, 30: 2197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. De Rosa, C., Talarico, G., Caporaso, L., Auriemma, F., Galimberti, M. and Fusco, O., Macromolecules, 1998, 31: 9109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Jiang, S.D., Li, H.H., De Rosa, C., Auriemma, F. and Yan, S.K., Macromolecules, 2010, 43: 1449

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. De Rosa, C., Auriemma, F., Orlando, I., Talarico, G. and Caporaso, L., Macromolecules, 2001, 34: 1663

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Zhang, B., Yang, D.C.; De Rosa, C., Yan, S.K. and Petermann, J., Macromolecules, 2001, 34: 5221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. De Rosa, C., Venditto, V., Guerra, G. and Corradini, P., Makromol. Chem., 1992, 193: 1351

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China

    Jiang Wu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

    Hai-xin Zhou, Qi Liu & Shou-ke Yan  (闫寿科)

Authors
  1. Jiang Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hai-xin Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qi Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shou-ke Yan  (闫寿科)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shou-ke Yan  (闫寿科).

Additional information

Invited paper dedicated to Professor Fosong Wang on the occasion of his 80th birthday

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50833006, 21274009, 51221002 and 50973008).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wu, J., Zhou, Hx., Liu, Q. et al. Application of electron diffraction in the structure characterization of polymer crystals. Chin J Polym Sci 31, 841–852 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-013-1269-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-013-1269-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation