Abstract
Piles are an effective measure for landslide protection under various loading conditions. However, the pile reinforcement mechanism of slopes has not been systematically investigated in previous studies under drawdown conditions. A series of centrifuge model tests were conducted on slopes with various pile reinforcement layouts under drawdown conditions to study the progressive slope failure process and slope failure mechanism. Compared with the unreinforced slope, the pile-reinforced slope had a greater safety limit and underwent less deformation. The failures of the unreinforced slope and pile-reinforced slope were both progressive from the top to the bottom of the slope under drawdown conditions with the same mechanism and could be described in terms of the significant coupling between the deformation localization and local failure. The pile reinforcement mechanism was clarified because the piles delayed the occurrence of deformation localization and decreased the localization degree of the slope under drawdown conditions. The reinforcement effect of piles includes two aspects: the compression enhancing effect and shear reducing effect. The compression enhancing effect was dominant near the piles and gradually decreased with increasing distance from the piles, and the shear reducing effect was dominant near the potential slip surface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ai ZY, Zhao YZ, Ye Z (2020) A coupling rational finite element-boundary element method for a laterally loaded pile in transversely isotropic poroelastic soils. Comput Geotech 117:103227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103227
Anbarasu K, Sengupta A, Gupta S (2010) Mechanism of activation of the lanta khola landslide in sikkim himalayas. Landslides 7(200):135–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0193-0
Ausilio E, Conte E, Dente G (2001) Stability analysis of slopes reinforced with piles. Comput Geotech 28(8):591–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-352X(01)00013-1
El Sawwaf MA (2005) Strip footing behavior on pile and sheet pile-stabilized sand slope. J Geotech Geoenviron 131(6):705–715. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:6(705)
Ellis EA, Durrani IK, Reddish DJ (2010) Numerical modelling of discrete pile rows for slope stability and generic guidance for design. Geotechnique 60(3):185–195. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.7.00090
Ghasemzadeh H, Tarzaban M, Hajitaheriha MM (2018) Numerical analysis of pile-soil-pile interaction in pile groups with batter piles. Geotech Eng 36(4):2189–2215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0456-4
Kang GC, Song YS, Kim TH (2009) Behavior and stability of a large-scale cut slope considering reinforcement stages. Landslides 6(3):263–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0164-5
Li Z, Escoffier S, Kotronis P (2016) Centrifuge modeling of batter pile foundations under sinusoidal dynamic excitation. B Earthq Eng 14(3):673–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9859-2
Li CD, Fu ZY, Wang Y (2019) Susceptibility of reservoir-induced landslides and strategies for increasing the slope stability in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area: Zigui Basin as an example. Eng Geol 261:105279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105279
Luo FY, Zhang G (2016) Progressive failure behavior of cohesive soil slopes under water drawdown conditions. Environ Earth Sci 75(11):973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5802-3
Raj M, Sengupta A (2014) Rain-triggered slope failure of therailway embankment at Malda, India. Acta Geotech 9(5):789–798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-014-0345-9
Rao PP, Zhao LX, Chen QS (2017) Limit analysis approach for accessing stability of three-dimensional (3-D) slopes reinforced with piles. Mar Georesour and Geotechnol 35(7):978–985. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2016.1273982
Smethurst JA, Powrie W (2007) Monitoring and analysis of the bending behaviour of discrete piles used to stabilise a railway embankment. Geotechnique 57(8):663–677. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.8.663
Tang HM, Wasowski J, Juang CH (2019) Geohazards in the three Gorges Reservoir Area, China Lessons learned from decades of research. Eng Geol 261:105267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105267
Viswanadham BVS, Rajesh S (2009) Centrifuge model tests on clay based engineered barriers subjected to differential settlements. Appl Clay Sci 42(3–4):460–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2008.06.002
Wang LP, Zhang G (2014) Centrifuge model test study on pile reinforcement behavior of cohesive soil slopes under earthquake conditions. Landslides 11(2):213–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0388-2
Yu HJ, Peng SQ, Zhao QH (2019) Field tests of the response of single pile subjected to lateral load in gravel soil sloping ground. Geotech Eng 37(4):2659–2674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-00785-x
Zhang G, Wang LP (2016) Integrated analysis of a coupled mechanism for the failure processes of pile-reinforced slopes. Acta Geotech 11(4):941–952. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000368
Zhang G, Wang LP (2017) Simplified evaluation on the stability level of pile-reinforced slopes. Soils Found 57(4):575–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2017.03.009
Zhang G, Hu Y, Zhang JM (2009) New image analysis-based displacement-measurement system for centrifuge modeling tests. Measurement 42(1):87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2008.04.002
Funding
The study is funded by National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1508503), State key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering (2020-KY-04) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (52039005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, S., Luo, F. & Zhang, G. Pile reinforcement behavior and mechanism in a soil slope under drawdown conditions. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 4097–4109 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02191-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02191-9