Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The MB3 canal in maxillary molars: a micro-CT study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

To assess the internal and external morphologies of the mesiobuccal (MB) root of maxillary molars presenting a third root canal (MB3), using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Material and methods

Two-hundred and sixty-five extracted maxillary first and second molars with different root configurations were imaged in a micro-CT scanner at 19.6-μm pixel size. Sixteen teeth presenting MB3 canal were selected and evaluated regarding root configuration, minimal dentine thickness 2 mm under the furcation area, canal configuration of the MB root, MB3 canal morphology (location, independent or confluent orifice, and anatomy types), and the apical anatomy (aspect ratio, number of accessory canals and foramina, presence of isthmus, and independent MB3 foramen).

Results

Overall, a high variability in canal configuration was detected in the MB root. MB3 canal was observed in 10 maxillary first molars and 6 maxillary second molars (n = 16). Minimal dentine thickness related to the MB3 canal at the coronal third was smaller than that of the MB1 canal. A complex internal anatomy comprising 13 different root canal configurations was observed. A high number of independent MB3 orifices at the pulp chamber floor was observed in the first molars (7 out of 10 teeth), while most of the specimens (n = 14) showed a confluent anatomy of the MB3 canal. A varied number of accessory canals and foramina were observed. At the apical third, isthmus could be observed in 6 specimens, while an independent MB3 foramen was present in 37.5% of the MB roots.

Conclusions

MB3 canal is a rare anatomical variation present in maxillary first and second molars. Its presence can be associated to a complex internal anatomy of the MB root which includes the presence of isthmuses and multiple accessory canals and foramina at the apical third, but also a thin dentine thickness at the coronal third and a confluent anatomy of the MB3 with the other main canals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cleghorn BM, Christie WH, Dong CC (2006) Root and root canal morphology of the human permanent maxillary first molar: a literature review. J Endod 32:813–821

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Moral H (1915) Uber das vorkommen eines vierten kanals in oberen molaren. Österr-Ungar Vjschr Zahnheilk 31:313–325

    Google Scholar 

  3. Weine FS, Healey HJ, Gerstein H, Evanson L (1969) Canal configuration in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar and its endodontic significance. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 28:419–425

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Martins JNR, Alkhawas MAM, Altaki Z, Bellardini G, Berti L, Boveda C et al (2018) Worldwide analyses of maxillary first molar second mesiobuccal prevalence: a multicenter cone-beam computed tomographic study. J Endod 44:1641–1649

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ghobashy AM, Nagy MM, Bayoumi AA (2017) Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent molars in an Egyptian population by cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod 43:1089–1092

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kim Y, Lee SJ, Woo J (2012) Morphology of maxillary first and second molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in a Korean population: variations in the number of roots and canals and the incidence of fusion. J Endod 38:1063–1068

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Plotino G, Tocci L, Grande NM, Testarelli L, Messineo D, Ciotti M, Glassman G, D'ambrosio F, Gambarini G (2013) Symmetry of root and root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular molars in a white population: a cone-beam computed tomography study in vivo. J Endod 39:1545–1548

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Stropko JJ (1999) Canal morphology of maxillary molars: clinical observations of canal configurations. J Endod 25:446–450

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Karabucak B, Bunes A, Chehoud C, Kohli MR, Setzer F (2016) Prevalence of apical periodontitis in endodontically treated premolars and molars with untreated canal: a cone-beam computed tomography study. J Endod 42:538–541

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Huumonen S, Kvist T, Grondahl K, Molander A (2006) Diagnostic value of computed tomography in re-treatment of root fillings in maxillary molars. Int Endod J 39:827–833

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Costa F, Pacheco-Yanes J, Siqueira JF Jr, Oliveira ACS, Gazzaneo I, Amorim CA et al (2019) Association between missed canals and apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 52:400–406

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Tomaszewska IM, Jarzebska A, Skinningsrud B, Pekala PA, Wronski S, Iwanaga J (2018) An original micro-CT study and meta-analysis of the internal and external anatomy of maxillary molars-implications for endodontic treatment. Clin Anat 31:838–853

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rezaeian M, Rouhani Tonekaboni M, Iranmanesh F (2018) Evaluating the root canal morphology of permanent maxillary first molars in Iranian population. Iran Endod J 13:78–82

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang Q, Chen H, Fan B, Fan W, Gutmann JL (2014) Root and root canal morphology in maxillary second molar with fused root from a native Chinese population. J Endod 40:871–875

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ordinola-Zapata R, Martins JNR, Niemczyk S, Bramante CM (2019) Apical root canal anatomy in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars: influence of root apical shape and prevalence of apical foramina – a micro-CT study. Int Endod J 52:1218–1227

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Fan B, Pan Y, Gao Y, Fang F, Wu Q, Gutmann JL (2010) Three-dimentional morphologic analysis of isthmuses in the mesial roots of mandibular molars. J Endod 36:1866–1869

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Neaverth EJ, Kotler LM, Kaltenbach RF (1987) Clinical investigation (in vivo) of endodontically treated maxillary first molars. J Endod 13:506–512

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Zheng QH, Wang Y, Zhou XD, Wang Q, Zheng GN, Huang DM (2010) A cone-beam computed tomography study of maxillary first permanent molar root and canal morphology in a Chinese population. J Endod 36:1480–1484

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lee JH, Kim KD, Lee JK, Park W, Jeong JS, Lee Y, Gu Y, Chang SW, Son WJ, Lee WC, Baek SH, Bae KS, Kum KY (2011) Mesiobuccal root canal anatomy of Korean maxillary first and second molars by cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 111:785–791

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Perez-Heredia M, Ferrer-Luque CM, Bravo M, Castelo-Baz P, Ruiz-Pinon M, Baca P (2017) Cone-beam computed tomographic study of root anatomy and canal configuration of molars in a Spanish population. J Endod 43:1511–1516

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Martins JNR, Gu Y, Marques D, Francisco H, Carames J (2018) Differences on the root and root canal morphologies between Asian and white ethnic groups analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod 44:1096–1104

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Acosta Vigouroux SA, Trugeda Bosaans SA (1978) Anatomy of the pulp chamber floor of the permanent maxillary first molar. J Endod 4:214–219

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kulild JC, Peters DD (1990) Incidence and configuration of canal systems in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars. J Endod 16:311–317

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Caliskan MK, Pehlivan Y, Sepetcioglu F, Turkun M, Tuncer SS (1995) Root canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Turkish population. J Endod 21:200–204

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. al Shalabi RM, Omer OE, Glennon J, Jennings M, Claffey NM (2000) Root canal anatomy of maxillary first and second permanent molars. Int Endod J 33:405–414

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Alavi AM, Opasanon A, Ng YL, Gulabivala K (2002) Root and canal morphology of Thai maxillary molars. Int Endod J 35:478–485

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Sert S, Bayirli GS (2004) Evaluation of the root canal configurations of the mandibular and maxillary permanent teeth by gender in the Turkish population. J Endod 30:391–398

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Rwenyonyi CM, Kutesa AM, Muwazi LM, Buwembo W (2007) Root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second permanent molar teeth in a Ugandan population. Int Endod J 40:679–683

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Baratto Filho F, Zaitter S, Haragushiku GA, de Campos EA, Abuabara A, Correr GM (2009) Analysis of the internal anatomy of maxillary first molars by using different methods. J Endod 35:337–342

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Park JW, Lee JK, Ha BH, Choi JH, Perinpanayagam H (2009) Three-dimensional analysis of maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root canal configuration and curvature using micro-computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 108:437–442

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Beljic-Ivanovic K, Teodorovic N (2010) Morphological characteristics of mesiobuccal root canals of the first maxillary molars. Srp Arh Celok Lek 138:414–419

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Degerness RA, Bowles WR (2010) Dimension, anatomy and morphology of the mesiobuccal root canal system in maxillary molars. J Endod 36:985–989

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Ahuja R, Subbarao CV, Gutmann JL (2010) Cone-beam computed tomography study of root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars in an Indian population. J Endod 36:1622–1627

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Gu Y, Lee JK, Spängberg LS, Lee Y, Park CM, Seo DG et al (2011) Minimum-intensity projection for in-depth morphology study of mesiobuccal root. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 112:671–677

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Sert S, Sahinkesen G, Topcu FT, Eroglu SE, Oktay EA (2011) Root canal configurations of third molar teeth. A comparison with first and second molars in the Turkish population. Aust Endod J 37:109–117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Verma P, Love RM (2011) A micro CT study of the mesiobuccal root canal morphology of the maxillary first molar tooth. Int Endod J 44:210–217

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Singh S, Pawar M (2015) Root canal morphology of south Asian Indian maxillary molar teeth. Eur J Dent 9:133–144

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Briseño-Marroquin B, Paqué F, Maier K, Willershausen B, Wolf TG (2015) Root canal morphology and configuration of 179 maxillary first molars by means of micro-computed tomography: an ex vivo study. J Endod 41:2008–2013

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Wolf TG, Paqué F, Woop AC, Willershausen B, Briseño-Marroquin B (2017) Root canal morphology and configuration of 123 maxillary second molars by means of micro-CT. Int J Oral Sci 9:33–37

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Ordinola-Zapata R, Martins JNR, Bramante CM, Villas-Boas MH, Duarte MH, Versiani MA (2017) Morphological evaluation of maxillary second molars with fused roots: a micro-CT study. Int Endod J 50:1192–1200

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Pomeranz HH, Fishelberg G (1974) The secondary mesiobuccal canal of maxillary molars. J Am Dent Assoc 88:119–124

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Martinez-Berna A, Ruiz-Badanelli P (1983) Maxillary first molars with six canals. J Endod 9:375–381

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Beatty RG (1984) A five-canal maxillary first molar. J Endod 10:156–157

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ferguson DB, Kjar KS, Hartwell GR (2005) Three canals in the mesiobuccal root of a maxillary first molar: a case report. J Endod 31:400–402

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Shrivastava R, Barnwal H, Chandra A, Wadhwani K (2005) Unusual pathways of pulp case report. J Conserv Dent 8:67–70

    Google Scholar 

  46. Favieri A, Barros FG, Campos LC (2006) Root canal therapy of a maxillary first molar with five root canals: case report. Braz Dent J 17:75–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Adanir N (2007) An unusual maxillary first molar with four roots and six canals: a case report. Aust Dent J 52:333–335

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Gusiyska A (2009) Endodontic treatment of a second maxillary molar with five root canals – a case report. IMAB 15:119–121

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ozcan E, Aktan AM, Ari H (2009) A case report: unusual anatomy of maxillary second molar with 3 mesiobuccal canals. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 107:e43–e46

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Stöckl G (2009) Conventional endodontic retreatment of a maxillary first molar with three separate canals and four separate points of exit in the mesiobuccal root. ENDO (Lond Engl) 3:43–48

    Google Scholar 

  51. Chopra V, Sachdev V (2010) Root canal therapy of a maxillary first molar with five root canals: case report. Indian J Dent Sci 2:46–48

    Google Scholar 

  52. Garg A, Tewari R, Kumar A, Agrawal N (2010) Endodontic treatment of a maxillary first molar having three mesiobuccal canals with the aid of spiral computed tomography: a case report. J Oral Sci 52:495–499

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kottoor J, Velmurugan N, Sudha R, Hemamalathi S (2010) Maxillary first molar with seven root canals diagnosed with cone-beam computed tomography scanning: a case report. J Endod 36:915–921

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Prabu M, Ravishanker P, Subba R (2010) Three canals in the mesiobuccal root of a maxillary first molar: a case report. Internet J Dent Sci 8:131–137

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ayranci LB, Arslan H, Topcuoglu HS (2011) Maxillary first molar with three canal orifices in mesiobuccal root. J Conserv Dent 14:436–437

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Chourasia H, Singh M, Agrawal M, Kirshna A (2011) Maxillary first molar with three canals in mesiobuccal root – a case report. People’s J Sci Res 4:58–60

    Google Scholar 

  57. Du Y, Soo I, Zhang CF (2011) A case report of six canals in a maxillary first molar. Chin J Dent Res 14:151–153

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kottoor J, Velmurugan N, Surendran S (2011) Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with eight root canal systems evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scanning: a case report. J Endod 37:715–719

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Ma L, Yu J, Sun JJ (2011) Maxillary first molar with three mesiobuccal root canals: a case report. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 29:102–103

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Zhang P, Mao LS (2011) Left maxillary first molar with three mesiobuccal canals: a case report. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao 43:919–920

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Zhao J, Li Y, Yang ZW, Wang W, Meng Y (2011) Three-dimensional computed topography analysis of a patient with an unusual anatomy of the maxillary second and third molars. Int J Oral Sci 3:225–228

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Ahmed H, Saini D (2012) Management of a maxillary first molar tooth with unusual mesiobuccal root anatomy. Arch Orofacial Sci 7:101–106

    Google Scholar 

  63. Bahammam L (2012) Maxillary first molar with three mesiobuccal root canals: a case report. Journal of King Abdulaziz University 19:99–108

    Google Scholar 

  64. Islam M, Alam M (2012) Five root canals for a maxillary first molar tooth – a case report. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 5:61–64

    Google Scholar 

  65. Kakkar P, Singh A (2012) Maxillary first molar with three mesiobuccal canals confirmed with spiral computer tomography. J Clin Exp Dent 4:e256–e259

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Pais A, Fontana C, De Martin A (2012) Location of three canals in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar. Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia 9:322–327

    Google Scholar 

  67. Sharath Chandra S, Rao B, Narang K, Parthasarthy B (2012) Aberrations in root canals in maxillary first molars confirmed with helical computed tomography – case reports. Arch Oral Sci Res 2:77–82

    Google Scholar 

  68. Arora A, Acharya SR, Saraswathi MV, Sharma P, Ather A (2013) Dilemmas pertaining to three canals in the mesiobuccal root of a maxillary second molar: a case report. Restor Dent Endod 38:172–177

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Horatti P, Jituri S, Kidiyoor K (2013) Non-surgical endodontic treatment of maxillary permanent first molar with three canals in mesiobuccal root: a case report. Endodontology 25:125–128

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kaushik M, Mehra N (2013) Maxillary first molars with six canals diagnosed with the aid of cone beam computed tomography: a report of two cases. Case Rep Dent 2013:406923

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Martins J, Baharestani M (2013) Root canal treatment of the maxillary first molar with three root canals in the mesiobuccal root: two case reports. ENDO (Lond Engl) 2013:141–146

    Google Scholar 

  72. Ahmad IA, Al-Jadaa A (2014) Three root canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars: case reports and literature review. J Endod 40:2087–2094

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Badole GP, Warhadpande MM, Shenoi PR, Lachure C, Badole SG (2014) A rare root canal configuration of bilateral maxillary first molar with 7 root canals diagnosed using cone-beam computed tomographic scanning: a case report. J Endod 40:296–301

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Gundam S, Maddu R, Gurram SR (2014) Endodontic management of a maxillary molar with three mesiobuccal canals. Case Rep Dent 2014:320196

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Kumar R (2014) Report of a rare case: a maxillary first molar with seven canals confirmed with cone-beam computed tomography. Iran Endod J 9:153–157

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Martins JN (2014) Endodontic treatment of a maxillary first molar with seven root canals confirmed with cone beam computer tomography - case report. J Clin Diagn Res 8:ZD13–ZD15

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Raghavendra SS, Hindlekar AN, Desai NN, Vyavahare NK, Napte BD (2014) Endodontic management of maxillary first molar with seven root canals diagnosed using cone beam computed tomography scanning. Indian J Dent 5:152–156

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Almeida G, Machado R, Sanches Cunha R, Vansan LP, Neelakantan P (2015) Maxillary first molar with 8 root canals detected by CBCT scanning: a case report. Gen Dent 63:68–70

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Chalkar A, Bhagwat S, Mandke L (2015) Endodontic management of maxillary first molar with three mesiobuccal root canals using cone beam computerized tomography. Eur J Gen Dent 4:16–20

    Google Scholar 

  80. Munavalli A, Kambale S, Bandekar S, Ajgaonkar N (2015) Maxillary first molar with seven root canals diagnosed with cone-beam computed tomography scanning. Indian J Dent Res 26:82–85

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Nayak G, Singh KK, Shekhar R (2015) Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with three roots and seven root canals with the aid of cone-beam computed tomography. Restor Dent Endod 40:241–248

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Deepa VL, Bollu IP, Dhamaraju B, Yadla P (2016) Detection and management of a complex canal configuration in mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar using three dimensional imaging. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 6:S75–S78

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Sherwani OA, Kapoor B, Sharma R, Mishra SK (2016) Endodontic management of maxillary first molar with atypical canal morphology: report of three cases. Contemp Clin Dent 7:550–554

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Yadav HK, Saini GK, Chhabra HS, Panwar PS (2017) Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with seven root canals using spiral computed tomography. J Dent 18:65–69

    Google Scholar 

  85. Ghoncheh Z, Zade BM, Kharazifard MJ (2017) Root morphology of the maxillary first and second molars in an Iranian population using cone beam computed tomography. J Dent (Tehran) 14:115–122

    Google Scholar 

  86. Guo J, Vahidnia A, Sedghizadeh P, Enciso R (2014) Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molars in a North American population by cone-beam computed tomography. J Endod 40:635–639

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Hosoya N, Yoshida T, Iino F, Arai T, Mishima A, Kobayashi K (2012) Detection of a secondary mesio-buccal canal in maxillary first molar: a comparative study. J Conserv Dent 15:127–131

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Karaman GT, Onay EO, Ungor M, Colak M (2011) Evaluating the potential key factors in assessing the morphology of mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first and second molars. Aust Endod J 37:134–140

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Reis AG, Grazziotin-Soares R, Barletta FB, Fontanella VR, Mahl CR (2013) Second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars is correlated with root third and patient age: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. J Endod 39:588–592

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Somma F, Leoni D, Plotino G, Grande NM, Plasschaert A (2009) Root canal morphology of the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars: a micro-computed tomographic analysis. Int Endod J 42:165–174

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Wolcott J, Ishley D, Kennedy W, Johnson S, Minnich S (2002) Clinical investigation of second mesiobuccal canals in endodontically treated and retreated maxillary molars. J Endod 28:477–479

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Martins JNR, Versiani M (2018) CBCT and micro-CT on the study of root canal anatomy. In: Versiani M, Basrani B, Sousa-Neto M (eds) The root canal anatomy in permanent dentition. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 89–180

    Google Scholar 

  93. Gani OA, Boiero CF, Correa C, Masin I, Machado R, Silva EJ, Vansan LP (2014) Morphological changes related to age in mesial root canals of permanent mandibular first molars. Acta Odontol Latinoam 27:105–109

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Thomas RP, Moule AJ, Bryant R (1993) Root canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molar teeth at various ages. Int Endod J 26:257–267

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Xu T, Fan W, Tay F, Fan B (2019) Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the prevalence, distribution, and morphologic features of accessory canals in Chinese permanent teeth. J Endod 45:994–999

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Camargo EJ, Duarte MAH, Marques VAS, So MVR, Duque JA, Alcalde MP et al (2019) The ability of three nickel-titanium mechanized systems to negotiate and shape MB2 canals in extracted maxillary first molars: a micro-computed tomographic study. Int Endod J 52:847–856

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Ordinola-Zapata R, Martins JNR, Versiani MA, Bramante CM (2019) Micro-CT analysis of danger zone thickness in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars. Int Endod J 52:524–529

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ronald Ordinola-Zapata & Clovis M. Bramante

  2. Division of Endodontics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 515 Delaware Street S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Ronald Ordinola-Zapata

  3. Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jorge N. R. Martins

  4. Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jorge N. R. Martins

  5. Department of Endodontics, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Jorge N. R. Martins

  6. Endodontic Postgraduate Program, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico

    Hugo Plascencia

  7. Dental Specialty Centre, Brazilian Military Police, Fortaleza, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Marco A. Versiani

Authors
  1. Ronald Ordinola-Zapata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jorge N. R. Martins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hugo Plascencia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marco A. Versiani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Clovis M. Bramante
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ronald Ordinola-Zapata.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest..

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ordinola-Zapata, R., Martins, J.N.R., Plascencia, H. et al. The MB3 canal in maxillary molars: a micro-CT study. Clin Oral Invest 24, 4109–4121 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03284-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03284-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation