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Solvent-based deuterium isotope effects on the redox thermodynamics of cytochrome c

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Abstract

The reduction thermodynamics of cytochrome c (cytc), determined electrochemically, are found to be sensitive to solvent H/D isotope effects. Reduction of cytochrome c is enthalpically more favored in D2O with respect to H2O, but is disfavored on entropic grounds. This is consistent with a reduction-induced strengthening of the H-bonding network within the hydration sphere of the protein. No significant changes in E°′ occur, since the above variations are compensative. As a main result, this work shows that the oxidation-state-dependent differences in protein solvation, including electrostatics and solvent reorganization effects, play an important role in determining the individual enthalpy and entropy changes of the reduction process. It is conceivable that this is a common thermodynamic feature of all electron transport metalloproteins. The isotope effects turn out to be sensitive to buffer anions which specifically bind to cytc. Evidence is gained that the solvation thermodynamics of both redox forms of cytc are sensibly affected by strongly hydrated anions.

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Fig. 1A–C
Fig. 2A–D

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca of Italy (Programmi di Ricerca Scientifica di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale, Cofin 2003), the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Modena, contributo del 16/4/2002.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Centro SCS, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 183, 41100 , Modena, Italy

    G. Battistuzzi, M. Borsari, A. Ranieri & M. Sola

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  1. G. Battistuzzi
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  2. M. Borsari
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  3. A. Ranieri
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  4. M. Sola
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Correspondence to M. Sola.

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Battistuzzi, G., Borsari, M., Ranieri, A. et al. Solvent-based deuterium isotope effects on the redox thermodynamics of cytochrome c. J Biol Inorg Chem 9, 781–787 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-004-0580-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-004-0580-x

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