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Bone fracture risk factors in prevalent hemodialysis patients

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Abstract

Bone fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of fractures in a cohort of prevalent HD patients and evaluate its relationship with possible risk factors. We performed a retrospective analysis of 341 patients, since they started HD (median of 51 months). Demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters as well as vascular calcifications (VC) were evaluated. Fifty-seven episodes of fracture were identified with a median HD vintage of 47 months (incidence rate of 31 per 1000 person-years). Age (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001), lower albumin (p = 0.02), and higher VC score (p < 0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of fracture, while active vitamin D therapy (p = 0.03) was associated with decreased risk. A significantly higher risk of incident fracture was also associated with higher values of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) (p = 0.01) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels either < 300 pg/mL (p = 0.02) or > 800 pg/mL (p < 0.001) compared with 300–800 pg/mL. In conclusion, bone fracture incidence in HD patients is high and its risk increases with age, female gender, lower serum albumin, and with the presence of more VC. Prevalent HD patients with low or high iPTH levels or increased bALP also had a higher fracture risk. Therapy with active vitamin D seems to have a protective role. Assessment of fracture risk and management in dialysis patients at greatest risk requires further study.

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Acknowledgements

This study was presented, in part, at the 55th ERA-EDTA Congress, Copenhagen. The results presented in this paper have not been published previously in whole or part, except in abstract format. The authors thank Fernanda Gomes and Natália Gonçalves for the technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dialysis Unit, Nephrocare Vila Franca de Xira, Praça Bartolomeu Dias, lote 3 r/c, 2600-063, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal

    Patrícia João Matias, Ana Raimundo, David Navarro, Cristina Jorge, Inês Aires, Marco Mendes, Célia Gil & Aníbal Ferreira

  2. Dialysis Unit, Dialverca, Forte da Casa, Portugal

    Patrícia João Matias, Ivo Laranjinha, Ana Azevedo, Cristina Jorge, Inês Aires, Carina Ferreira, Tiago Amaral, Célia Gil & Aníbal Ferreira

  3. NIDAN, Lisbon, Portugal

    Patrícia João Matias, Ivo Laranjinha, Ana Azevedo, Ana Raimundo, David Navarro, Cristina Jorge, Inês Aires, Marco Mendes, Carina Ferreira, Tiago Amaral, Célia Gil & Aníbal Ferreira

  4. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal

    Patrícia João Matias, Ivo Laranjinha, Inês Aires, Carina Ferreira & Aníbal Ferreira

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  1. Patrícia João Matias
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  2. Ivo Laranjinha
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Contributions

PJM, IL, CG, and AF collaborated in study design. PJM, IL, and AR collected the data. PJM wrote the manuscript. IL, AA, AR, DN, CJ, IA, MM, CF, TA, CG, and AF participated in the final revision of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrícia João Matias.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Matias, P.J., Laranjinha, I., Azevedo, A. et al. Bone fracture risk factors in prevalent hemodialysis patients. J Bone Miner Metab 38, 205–212 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-019-01041-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-019-01041-9

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