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Immobilized papain on gold nanorods as heterogeneous biocatalysts

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Abstract

Papain, a thiol protease present in the latex of Carica papaya, is an enzyme which exhibits broad proteolytic activity, and, for this reason, it is utilized in a variety of industrial applications. Immobilization of papain on gold nanoparticles highly preserves its activity and enhances the stability, allowing the reuse of the linked enzyme many times without any significant loss of its catalytic performance. In particular, k cat and K M values remain substantially unchanged, while immobilized form shows a higher activity on a wider pH range retains 80 % residual activity also at 90 °C and shows higher functionality than the free form when incubated for long time (1 h) at 90 °C and at extreme pH values (3 and 12). A higher activity of immobilized papain with respect to the free form in the presence of various bivalent metal ions, known as strong inhibitors of papain, was also found. The reasons of this enhanced stability of gold nanorods immobilized papain are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are grateful to the University of Hormozgan for the financial support to this research.

Conflict of interest

This work is free from any conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Ahmad Homaei

  2. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

    Hossein Barkheh

  3. Lahijan Branch, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran

    Reyhaneh Sariri

  4. Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Venice, Italy

    Roberto Stevanato

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  1. Ahmad Homaei
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  2. Hossein Barkheh
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  3. Reyhaneh Sariri
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  4. Roberto Stevanato
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Correspondence to Ahmad Homaei or Roberto Stevanato.

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Homaei, A., Barkheh, H., Sariri, R. et al. Immobilized papain on gold nanorods as heterogeneous biocatalysts. Amino Acids 46, 1649–1657 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1724-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-014-1724-0

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