Abstract
Although negative effects on the offspring fitness can be triggered by the mother-plant exposure to environmental stresses, some plants are able to “remember” past incidents and enhance the progeny tolerance. Here, the mineral profile, cytogenetic modifications, and physiological potential of seeds from two tomato cultivars, with contrasting tolerance degrees to cadmium (Cd) toxicity, were evaluated after plant exposure to this metal. Both cultivars exhibited high Cd translocation to the seeds; however, the tolerant tomato accumulated more Cd than did the sensitive one. As a consequence of the Cd accumulation, reductions in the Mn concentration in Cd-challenged plants were detected. Surprisingly, seed germination and vigor were increased in the tolerant tomato cultivar after Cd exposure, despite increases in the chromosomal abnormalities. By contrast, seeds from the sensitive cultivar exhibited no changes in their physiological potential after Cd exposure, despite Cd-induced reductions in the mitotic index. Moreover, bunch position exerted effects on the vigor and type of chromosomal abnormality. The results show that maternal plant exposure to Cd can affect tomato offspring by changing the seed physiological potential, and such effect can be partially explained by alterations in the seed-derived elements (essential and non-essential) and genotype-dependent tolerance mechanisms.
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Acknowledgements
R.A.A. thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-Brazil, 303749/2016-4) for the research fellowship. We are also grateful to Dr. Salete Gaziola for technical assistance, and Dr. Cláudio Roberto Segatelli and Aparecido da Silva for the help during crop management.
Funding
This work was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP—Grants 2009/54676-0 and 2013/15217-5).
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Carvalho, M.E.A., Piotto, F.A., Nogueira, M.L. et al. Cadmium exposure triggers genotype-dependent changes in seed vigor and germination of tomato offspring. Protoplasma 255, 989–999 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-018-1210-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-018-1210-8