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Synthesis of three-dimensional nickel ferrite nanospheres decorated activated graphite nanoplatelets for electrochemical detection of vortioxetine with pharmacokinetic insights in human volunteers

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Abstract

An innovative electrochemical nanoprobe was developed for determination of vortioxetine (VORT), a serotonergic antidepressant drug, for the first time. The fabrication of the nanoprobe is based on decoration of a glassy carbon electrode with three-dimensional nickel ferrite nanospheres modified activated graphite nanoplatelets (3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE). The morphological characterization of the nanoprobe was carried out via scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherm, and powder X-ray spectroscopy (PXRD). In addition, the electrochemical behavior of the nanoprobe was described using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A well-defined and irreversible peak at 0.82 V was seen at the surface of 3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE. The proposed nanoprobe exhibited outstanding electro-catalytic activity towards VORT oxidation. Under the optimized conditions, the anodic oxidation currents were linearly proportional to VORT concentration at the working range 1.8–90 nM with a LOD of 0.55 nM. The nanoprobe was used to determine VORT in pharmaceutical tablets and human plasma samples. Satisfactory recoveries and RSD percentages were obtained in the range 103.8–107.7% (RSD% = 2.7–3.1%) and 101.4–105.3% (RSD % = 2.8–3.4%) for tablets and plasma samples, respectively. Moreover, the method was used to monitor VORT during a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers with satisfactory results. The 3D NiFe2O4 NS/AGNP/GCE shows excellent sensitivity, reproducibility, and selectivity towards VORT detection. The proposed electrode could be utilized as simple, rapid, and inexpensive sensing tool for routine analysis and during pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic investigations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia

    Mater H. Mahnashi

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  1. Mater H. Mahnashi
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Correspondence to Mater H. Mahnashi.

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The experiment complied with the guidlines of KSA regulations and approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committe, Najran University. Informed consent of all individual participants' biological samples was obtained from Najran University Clinics, KSA.

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Mahnashi, M.H. Synthesis of three-dimensional nickel ferrite nanospheres decorated activated graphite nanoplatelets for electrochemical detection of vortioxetine with pharmacokinetic insights in human volunteers. Microchim Acta 187, 519 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04523-0

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