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Titanium dioxide anchored graphene oxide nanosheets for highly selective voltammetric sensing of dopamine

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Abstract

The authors report on an efficient method for the voltammetric sensing of dopamine (DA) by using an electrode modified with alternating monolayers of graphene oxide (GO) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles anchored GO nanosheets (NSs)). The as-prepared nanostructures were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) techniques. The GO/TiO2 nanocomposite (NC) was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), where it displayed an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of DA, owing to its excellent conductivity, high specific surface area, enhanced interfacial contact and more negative zeta potential. Figures of merit include (a) a fast response (5 s), (b) a wide linear range (between 0.2 and 10 μM of DA) (c) a particularly low detection limit (27 nM), (d) a working potential as low as 0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and (e) a sensitivity of 1.549 μA·μM−1·cm−2. The GO/TiO2/GCE exhibited excellent selectivity over the other interferences as revealed by the differential pulse voltammetric and amperometric studies. The analysis of spiked urine samples resulted in recoveries in the range of 96 to 106%, with RSDs between 3.8 and 5.2%.

A GO/TiO2 (graphene oxide/titanium dioxide) nanocomposite (NC) was prepared and exploited as electrochemical probes in DA detection. It displays a low detection limit, wide linear range and excellent selectivity.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge DST-FIST program of School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University for providing XRD facility and DST-PURSE program of School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University for providing AFM and UGC-UPE program of Madurai Kamaraj University for HR-TEM facility. This research was supported by University Grants Commission Major project Grant No.: MRP-MAJOR-CHEM-2013-36681. D.S.R. J and K.J. B gratefully acknowledge UGC- New Delhi and Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai for Non-NET fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, -625021, India

    Durairaj Santhakumar Ruby Josephine & Kunjithapatham Sethuraman

  2. Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, -625021, India

    Kaliyamoorthy Justice Babu & George peter Gnana kumar

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  1. Durairaj Santhakumar Ruby Josephine
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Correspondence to George peter Gnana kumar or Kunjithapatham Sethuraman.

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Josephine, D.S.R., Babu, K.J., Gnana kumar, G.p. et al. Titanium dioxide anchored graphene oxide nanosheets for highly selective voltammetric sensing of dopamine. Microchim Acta 184, 781–790 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-2015-0

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